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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioural processes >Beyond continuous mathematics and traditional scientific analysis: understanding and mining Wolfram's A New Kind of Science.
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Beyond continuous mathematics and traditional scientific analysis: understanding and mining Wolfram's A New Kind of Science.

机译：超越连续数学和传统科学分析：了解和挖掘Wolfram的“一种新型科学”。

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In A New Kind of Science, Stephen Wolfram recommends abandoning traditional scientific analysis and the continuous mathematical description that it affords in favor of the study of simple rules. He focuses on a machine known as a cellular automaton as the prototype generator of complex phenomena such as those we see in nature. The simplest cellular automaton consists of a row of cells, each existing in one of two states. The states of the cells are updated from moment to moment by simple rules. Wolfram shows that these machines and their many variations can generate a host of outcomes ranging from very simple to extremely complex. He argues that among these outcomes representations of all the phenomena in the universe will be found, including presumably the behavior of organisms. The output of cellular automata can be mapped to behavior by considering, for example, one of the states of a cell to represent the emission of a behavior. For some cellular automaton rules, these mappings generate cumulative records and inter-response time distributions that are similar to those produced by live organisms. In addition, at least one cellular automaton generates the Herrnstein hyperbola as an emergent outcome. These results suggest that Wolfram's program and its mainstream version, which is known as complexity theory, is worth pursuing as a possible means of understanding and accounting for the behavior of organisms.
机译：史蒂芬·沃尔夫拉姆（Stephen Wolfram）在《一种新型的科学》中建议放弃传统的科学分析，并放弃它所提供的持续的数学描述，以支持对简单规则的研究。他专注于一种称为细胞自动机的机器，该机器是复杂现象（如我们在自然界中看到的现象）的原型生成器。最简单的细胞自动机由一行细胞组成，每个细胞都处于两种状态之一。单元的状​​态通过简单的规则随时更新。 Wolfram表明，这些机器及其多种变体可以产生从非常简单到极其复杂的一系列结果。他认为，在这些结果中，将找到宇宙中所有现象的表示形式，包括大概的生物行为。可以通过考虑例如表示行为发射的细胞状态之一来将细胞自动机的输出映射到行为。对于某些细胞自动机规则，这些映射生成的累积记录和响应间时间分布与活生物体产生的记录相似。另外，至少一个细胞自动机产生赫恩斯坦双曲线作为紧急结果。这些结果表明，Wolfram的程序及其主流版本（称为复杂性理论）值得作为理解和解释生物行为的一种可能手段。

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