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ZnAl2O4-based luminescent marker for gunshot residue identification and ammunition traceability

机译：基于ZnAl2O4的发光标记物，用于枪支残留物鉴定和弹药溯源

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摘要

Lanthanide-doped ZnAI2O4 spinel was used as a luminescent marker for gunshot residue (GSR). GSR was visually identified on shooters' hands, as well as on firearms and the firing range. After the shot, GSR was collected and analyzed by several techniques, including FTIR, Raman and emission spectroscopies and SEM-EDS. It was observed that markers provide an optically and structurally unique signature for GSR, allowing their identification by the tested techniques. SEM-EDS shows that lanthanide ions act as a chemical taggant FTIR and Raman spectra provided a chemical signature of GSR, as well as emission spectra. Thus, it was possible to unequivocally identify GSR, even when lead-free ammunition was used. By employing different emitting centers, it was also possible to distinguish between two types of ammunition, opening a new perspective for traceability.
机译：掺杂镧系元素的ZnAl2O4尖晶石用作枪击残留物（GSR）的发光标记。在射击者的手上，枪支和射击距离上都可以从视觉上识别出GSR。射击后，通过多种技术收集并分析了GSR，包括FTIR，拉曼光谱和发射光谱学以及SEM-EDS。观察到，标记物为GSR提供了光学和结构上独特的标记，从而可以通过测试的技术对其进行识别。 SEM-EDS显示镧系离子充当化学标记剂FTIR，拉曼光谱提供了GSR的化学特征以及发射光谱。因此，即使使用无铅弹药，也可以明确识别GSR。通过采用不同的发射中心，还可以区分两种类型的弹药，从而为可追溯性开辟了新的前景。

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