...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Developmental dynamics: an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists >Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones.
【24h】

Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones.

机译：制作和塑造内心和膜上骨骼。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Skeletal elements have a diverse range of shapes and sizes specialized to their various roles including protecting internal organs, locomotion, feeding, hearing, and vocalization. The precise positioning, size, and shape of skeletal elements is therefore critical for their function. During embryonic development, bone forms by endochondral or intramembranous ossification and can arise from the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm or neural crest. This review describes inductive mechanisms to position and pattern bones within the developing embryo, compares and contrasts the intrinsic vs extrinsic mechanisms of endochondral and intramembranous skeletal development, and details known cellular processes that precisely determine skeletal shape and size. Key cellular mechanisms are employed at distinct stages of ossification, many of which occur in response to mechanical cues (eg, joint formation) or preempting future load-bearing requirements. Rapid shape changes occur during cellular condensation and template establishment. Specialized cellular behaviors, such as chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral bone and secondary cartilage on intramembranous bones, also dramatically change template shape. Once ossification is complete, bone shape undergoes functional adaptation through (re)modeling. We also highlight how alterations in these cellular processes contribute to evolutionary change and how differences in the embryonic origin of bones can influence postnatal bone repair.
机译：骨骼元素有各种各样的形状和大小，专门用于保护内脏、运动、进食、听力和发声。因此，骨骼元素的精确定位、大小和形状对其功能至关重要。在胚胎发育过程中，骨通过软骨内或膜内骨化形成，并可从近轴和侧板中胚层或神经嵴产生。本综述描述了在发育中的胚胎中定位和塑造骨骼的诱导机制，比较和对比了软骨内和膜内骨骼发育的内在和外在机制，并详细介绍了精确确定骨骼形状和大小的已知细胞过程。关键的细胞机制在骨化的不同阶段使用，其中许多发生在对机械提示（例如，关节形成）的反应或对未来承重要求的先发制人。在细胞凝聚和模板建立过程中，会发生快速的形状变化。特殊的细胞行为，如软骨内骨中的软骨细胞肥大和膜内骨上的次级软骨，也会显著改变模板的形状。一旦骨化完成，骨骼形状通过（重新）建模进行功能适应。我们还强调了这些细胞过程的改变如何促进进化变化，以及骨骼胚胎起源的差异如何影响出生后的骨骼修复。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号