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首页> 外文期刊>Animal Cognition >Wild bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) select hammer tools on the basis of both stone mass and distance from the anvil
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Wild bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) select hammer tools on the basis of both stone mass and distance from the anvil

机译：野胡子卷尾猴（Sapajus libidinosus）根据石块质量和距砧座的距离选择锤工具

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Contemporary optimization models suggest that animals optimize benefits of foraging and minimize its costs. For wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus), nut-cracking entails cost related to lifting the heavy stone and striking the nut and additional cost to transport the stone if it is not already on the anvil. To assess the role of stone mass and transport distance in capuchins’ tool selection, we carried out three field experiments. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether transport distance affected choice of a tool by positioning two stones of the same mass close and far from the anvil. Capuchins consistently selected the closer stone, effectively reducing transport costs. In Experiment 2, we examined the trade-off between the cost of transport and the effectiveness in cracking by positioning two stones of different mass close and far from the anvil. Most subjects significantly preferred the closer stone, regardless of mass, whereas others preferred the heavier stone regardless of transport distance. In Experiment 3, we changed transport distance of both stones while maintaining the same distance ratios as in Experiment 2. Capuchins maintained the preferences expressed in Experiment 2, with the exception of one subject. Overall, our findings indicate that (1) individuals vary in their sensitivity to distance of transport, (2) a few meters are perceived as a substantive cost by some monkeys, and (3) monkeys’ body mass affects their decisions. We also developed a non-dimensional Preference index (P) defined as a function of the stone mass and the transport distance to describe monkey’s choice.
机译：当代的优化模型表明，动物可以优化觅食的效益，并将其成本降至最低。对于野生胡子卷尾猴（Sapajus libidinosus），开裂坚果需要花费与举起重石头和敲击坚果相关的费用，以及如果石头尚未放在砧上则需要额外的运输费用。为了评估石块质量和运输距离在连斗猴工具选择中的作用，我们进行了三个野外实验。在实验1中，我们通过将两个质量相同的石头放置在离砧座较近且较远的位置，研究了运输距离是否会影响工具的选择。卷尾猴一直选择较近的石头，有效地降低了运输成本。在实验2中，我们通过将两块不同质量的石头放置在离砧座很近且很远的地方，研究了运输成本与开裂效果之间的权衡。不论质量如何，大多数受试者都明显更喜欢较近的石头，而无论运输距离如何，其他受试者更喜欢较重的石头。在实验3中，我们在保持与实验2相同的距离比的同时更改了两个宝石的运输距离。卷尾猴保持了实验2中表达的偏好，除了一个受试者。总体而言，我们的发现表明：（1）人们对运输距离的敏感性各不相同;（2）一些猴子将几米的费用视为实质性损失;（3）猴子的体重会影响他们的决策。我们还开发了无量纲的偏好指数（P），该指数定义为石头质量和运输距离的函数，以描述猴子的选择。

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