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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of genetics >Epigenetics with special reference to the human X chromosome inactivation and the enigma of Drosophila DNA methylation
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Epigenetics with special reference to the human X chromosome inactivation and the enigma of Drosophila DNA methylation

机译：表观遗传学特殊参考人X染色体灭活和果蝇DNA甲基化的enigma

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Epigenetics confers adaptability and survival advantage to an organism. Most epigenetic processes demonstrate memory and heritability. DNA methylation is an epigenetic process that adds imprints which can be inherited during cell division and across generations. DNA methylation adds an additional level of information to the basic DNA sequence and can influence chromatin organization and the function of the DNA sequence. In bacteria, it works as a defence strategy and preserves genome integrity. DNA methylation in eukaryotes has been implicated in a large number of cellular regulatory processes and is implied in development, differentiation, life style diseases and cancer. Mammals have an intricate DNA methylation machinery with dNMT1, 3A and 3B enzymes. The human X chromosome inactivation, an example of differential regulation of homologous chromosomes, is known to involve many epigenetic processes with intricate interactions of lnc RNAs, miRNAs and DNA methylation. Drosophila possesses very low levels of DNA methylation with only dNMT2 gene. Since Drosophila is an important model organism for study of development and differentiation, the implications of this sparse DNA methylation and the lack of DNA methylation machinery in Drosophila is discussed.
机译：表观遗传学赋予生物体适应性和生存优势。大多数表观遗传过程表现出记忆和遗传能力。DNA甲基化是一个表观遗传学过程，可以在细胞分裂过程中和跨代遗传。DNA甲基化为基本DNA序列增加了额外的信息水平，可以影响染色质组织和DNA序列的功能。在细菌中，它起到防御策略的作用，并保持基因组的完整性。真核生物中的DNA甲基化与许多细胞调节过程有关，并与发育、分化、生活方式疾病和癌症有关。哺乳动物有一个复杂的DNA甲基化机制，包括dNMT1、3A和3B酶。人类X染色体失活是同源染色体差异调节的一个例子，已知它涉及许多表观遗传学过程，与lnc RNA、miRNA和DNA甲基化的复杂相互作用。果蝇的DNA甲基化水平很低，只有dNMT2基因。由于果蝇是研究发育和分化的重要模式生物，本文讨论了果蝇这种稀疏的DNA甲基化和缺乏DNA甲基化机制的含义。

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