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Reagentless, Structure-Switching, Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors

机译：无试剂，结构转换，基于电化学适体的传感器

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摘要

The development of structure-switching, electrochemical, aptamer-based sensors over the past similar to 10 years has led to a variety of reagentless sensors capable of analytical detection in a range of sample matrices. The crux of this methodology is the coupling of target-induced conformation changes of a redox-labeled aptamer with electrochemical detection of the resulting altered charge transfer rate between the redox molecule and electrode surface. Using aptamer recognition expands the highly sensitive detection ability of electrochemistry to a range of previously inaccessible analytes. In this review, we focus on the methods of sensor fabrication and how sensor signaling is affected by fabrication parameters. We then discuss recent studies addressing the fundamentals of sensor signaling as well as quantitative characterization of the analytical performance of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors. Although the limits of detection of reported electrochemical aptamer-based sensors do not often reach that of gold-standard methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the operational convenience of the sensor platform enables exciting analytical applications that we address. Using illustrative examples, we highlight recent advances in the field that impact important areas of analytical chemistry. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects for this class of sensors.
机译：在过去约十年的时间里，基于结构转换，电化学，适体的传感器的发展导致了多种无试剂传感器，能够对各种样品矩阵进行分析检测。该方法的关键是将目标物引起的氧化还原标记的适体的构象变化与电化学检测氧化还原分子和电极表面之间产生的改变的电荷转移速率耦合。使用适体识别将电化学的高度灵敏的检测能力扩展到了一系列以前无法访问的分析物。在这篇综述中，我们着重于传感器制造方法以及传感器信号如何受到制造参数的影响。然后，我们讨论了有关传感器信号传导基础知识以及基于电化学适体的传感器的分析性能的定量表征的最新研究。尽管已报道的基于电化学适体的传感器的检测极限通常无法达到金标准方法（如酶联免疫吸附测定）的检测极限，但传感器平台的操作便利性使我们能够解决令人兴奋的分析应用。通过使用示例性例子，我们重点介绍了影响分析化学重要领域的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了这类传感器的挑战和前景。

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