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首页> 外文期刊>Annual review of cell and developmental biology >Transmembrane signaling proteoglycans. [Review]
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Transmembrane signaling proteoglycans. [Review]

机译：跨膜信号蛋白聚糖。 [评论]

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摘要

Virtually all metazoan cells contain at least one and usually several types of transmembrane proteoglycans. These are varied in protein structure and type of polysaccharide, but the total number of vertebrate genes encoding transmembrane proteoglycan core proteins is less than 10. Some core proteins, including those of the syndecans, always possess covalently coupled glycosaminoglycans; others do not. Syndecan has a long evolutionary history, as it is present in invertebrates, but many other transmembrane proteoglycans are vertebrate inventions. The variety of proteins and their glycosaminoglycan chains is matched by diverse functions. However, all assume roles as coreceptors, often working alongside high-affinity growth factor receptors or adhesion receptors such as integrins. Other common themes are an ability to signal through their cytoplasmic domains, often to the actin cytoskeleton, and linkage to PDZ protein networks. Many transmembrane proteoglycans associate on the cell surface with metzincin proteases and can be shed by them. Work with model systems in vivo and in vitro reveals roles in growth, adhesion, migration, and metabolism. Furthermore, a wide range of phenotypes for the core proteins has been obtained in mouse knockout experiments. Here some of the latest developments in the field are examined in hopes of stimulating further interest in this fascinating group of molecules.
机译：实际上，所有后生细胞都包含至少一种，通常是几种类型的跨膜蛋白聚糖。它们的蛋白质结构和多糖类型各不相同，但是编码跨膜蛋白聚糖核心蛋白的脊椎动物基因总数少于10个。某些核心蛋白，包括合成多糖的核心蛋白，总是具有共价偶联的糖胺聚糖;只有一部分具有共价键。别人没有。 Syndecan具有很长的进化历史，因为它存在于无脊椎动物中，但是许多其他跨膜蛋白聚糖是脊椎动物的发明。各种蛋白质及其糖胺聚糖链具有多种功能。然而，所有这些都承担着作为共受体的作用，通常与高亲和力生长因子受体或粘附受体（如整联蛋白）协同工作。其他常见主题是通过其胞质结构域（通常是肌动蛋白的细胞骨架）发出信号的能力，以及与PDZ蛋白质网络的连接的能力。许多跨膜蛋白聚糖在细胞表面与美信锌蛋白酶缔合，并可能被其释放。在体内和体外使用模型系统可以揭示其在生长，粘附，迁移和代谢中的作用。此外，在小鼠基因敲除实验中已经获得了多种核心蛋白表型。在此，对本领域的一些最新进展进行了研究，以期激发人们对这一引人入胜的分子群的兴趣。

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