DOWNSTREAM ECOCIDE FROM UPSTREAM WATER PIRACY

Miah Muhammad Adel

摘要

Upstream India and downstream Bangladesh share more than 50 international rivers. India has set up water diversion constructions in more than 50% of these rivers, the largest one being on the Bangladesh's northwest upon the Ganges River, puts Bangladesh's Gangetic ecosystem at stake. In some border rivers, India has set up groins on her side of river banks. Also, Indian side pumps Bangladesh river water stealthily from border-rivers. Further, India is constructing another dam and reservoir upstream on the Barak River on the northeast of Bangladesh. Furthermore, India has chalked out a grand plan for river networking. Exploration has been made to assess the degree of the ecosystem degradation both inland and on the coast due to all water diversion constructions around the border, except for the Tipaimukh Dam in which case estimation of projected ecosystem degradation has been mentioned. Finally, Indian grand plan of river networking plan has been briefly touched upon. Site visitations, observations,surveys, measurements and interviews of professionals were made in the project country. Relevant literatures on this issue were reviewed in electronic and print databases. Related published articles in electronic and print media were systematically searched following the key words for the case. Finally, both electronic and print news media have been closely followed to know the latest developments on this issue. .The reduced flow of the Ganges in Bangladesh has caused scarcity of fresh water, species endangerment and extinction, obstruction to livestock raising, loss of livelihoods, people's displacement, changes in crop production, reduction in navigable routes, extreme weather, increased flood occurrences, scarcity of potable water, groundwater contamination, reduction in coastal sediment deposition, deterioration of the Ganges water quality and inland intrusion of saline water front. Water diversion constructions in other rivers have caused similar type of ecological problems. The construction ofgroins on the Indian side of the border rivers has caused bank erosion on the Bangladesh side which changes her map. India benefits herself by occupying the resulting shoal formation within the Bangladesh side of the riverbeds. The Tipaimukh Dam on the Barak River will affect the virgin haor ecosystem the same way as the Ganges basin over a certain time scale. India's river networking plan is going to create a widespread ecocide in the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin. Water, if not the most, is one of the mostimportant components in an ecosystem. Living being cannot survive without it. Ecocide occurs iri its absence. Obstruction to the downstream natural flow of rivers by the upstream country unilateral actions is tantamount to violations of human rights which is a crime. With the dilapidated ecosystem, Bangladesh's national security is at stake. Bangladesh's internal immunity is not strong enough to face the threats of climate change events. Bangladesh government should take a tough stand for the country'sinterests. Since she has failed to save her interests on a bilateral basis with India, she should take immediate steps for fair share of the pirated river water under the UN supervision. Also, she should approach the UN for getting back the river shoalscaptured by India. Bangladesh should have a master plan of dredging rivers and canals for water storage and inland distribution to the depleted surface water bodies to reestablish the wetland ecosystem. This will help, to some extent, in the gradual mitigation of all the problems including groundwater arsenic contamination, fish scarcity, erratic climate. It is due for Bangladesh to charge the upstream country for the dredging cost of the rivers and canals since upstream country's water piracy has regionally silted her rivers and canals. Since the saving of the biodiversity is an international slogan of the time, Bangladesh should ask the UN to enforce strict international laws to stop any means

机译：印度上游和孟加拉国下游共享50多个国际河流。印度已经在这些河流的50％以上建立了引水工程，其中最大的河流位于孟加拉国西北部的恒河之上，这使孟加拉国的恒河生态系统处于危险之中。在一些边境河流中，印度在河岸一侧设置了腹股沟。另外，印度方面从边境河偷偷地向孟加拉国河水抽水。此外，印度正在孟加拉国东北部的巴拉克河上游建造另一个大坝和水库。此外，印度制定了一项宏伟的河网规划。已经进行了评估，以评估由于边界附近的所有引水工程造成的内陆和沿海生态系统退化的程度，除了Tipaimukh大坝以外，在该案例中提到了预计的生态系统退化的估计。最后，简要介绍了印度的河网规划宏伟计划。在项目国家对专业人员进行了现场访问，观察，调查，测量和访谈。有关此问题的相关文献已在电子和印刷数据库中进行了审查。根据案件的关键词，系统地搜索了电子和印刷媒体上的相关已发表文章。最后，电子媒体和印刷新闻媒体都受到密切关注，以了解有关此问题的最新动态。孟加拉国恒河流量减少导致淡水短缺，物种濒危和灭绝，牲畜饲养受阻，生计丧失，人民流离失所，农作物产量变化，通航路线减少，极端天气，洪灾增加，饮用水短缺，地下水污染，沿海沉积物沉积减少，恒河水质恶化以及咸水前沿向内陆入侵。其他河流的引水建设也引起了类似的生态问题。在边界河流的印度一侧建造了腹股沟，导致孟加拉国一侧的河岸侵蚀，从而改变了她的地图。印度通过占据河床孟加拉国一侧的浅滩形成而受益。在一定时间范围内，巴拉克河上的蒂帕伊穆克大坝将像恒河盆地一样影响原始的生态系统。印度的河网计划将在恒河-布拉马普特拉流域内造成广泛的生态灭绝。水（如果不是最多的话）是生态系统中最重要的组成部分之一。没有它，生物就无法生存。灭杀发生在没有它的情况下。上游国家的单方面行动阻碍下游河流的自然流动，无异于侵犯人权，这是犯罪。随着生态系统的崩溃，孟加拉国的国家安全受到威胁。孟加拉国的内部抵抗力不足以应对气候变化事件的威胁。孟加拉国政府应为该国的利益采取强硬立场。由于她未能与印度在双边基础上维护自己的利益，因此，她应立即采取步骤，在联合国的监督下公平分享盗版河水。而且，她应该向联合国求助，取回被印度占领的浅滩。孟加拉国应制定一项总体计划，疏river河流和运河以进行蓄水和向枯竭的地表水体内陆分配，以重建湿地生态系统。这在一定程度上有助于逐步缓解所有问题，包括地下水砷污染，鱼类稀缺和气候不稳定。孟加拉国有责任向上游国家收取河道和运河的疏cost费用，因为上游国家的水盗版使该地区的河流和运河淤塞了。由于保护生物多样性是当时的国际口号，孟加拉国应要求联合国执行严格的国际法以制止任何手段

DOWNSTREAM ECOCIDE FROM UPSTREAM WATER PIRACY

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