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The effectiveness of warning signs in hazardous work places: cognitive and social determinants

机译：警告标志在危险工作场所的有效性：认知和社会决定因素

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Recommendations have been made that good warning signs should have a number of components: an alerting word such as danger, then statements of the hazard, of its seriousness, of the probable consequences and of how to avoid the hazard. Responses from 40 blue-collar workers and 44 students were measured to five industrial warning signs to determine the extent to which these components determine estimated sign effectiveness and behavioural intentions of compliance, Each sign was presented in five versions; the original (which in each case omitted one or more of the components), a 'full' version in which missing components were generated and inserted, and versions omitting, in turn, the hazard, consequences, and instructions statements. Previous findings concerning the importance of the signal word were supported. When signs were seen singly there was no tendency for versions with components missing to be rated as poorer, Only when all versions were seen together was the 'full' version ranked as being better, a result which is taken as reflecting the demand characteristics of the method, The results argue against strict adherence to a formula requiring specified components in a sign. Data also supported the third person effect, indicating that respondents considered others to be more vulnerable to the hazard and less likely to comply with the sign than they themselves, The finding that social factors are of considerable importance in sign compliance is discussed, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 35]
机译：有人建议，良好的警告标志应包括许多组成部分：警告词，例如危险，然后陈述危险，严重性，可能的后果以及如何避免危险。对来自40名蓝领工人和44名学生的响应进行了五个工业警告标志的测量，以确定这些成分在多大程度上确定了估计的标志有效性和遵从行为的意图。每个标志分为五个版本;原始版本（每种情况下都省略了一个或多个组件），“完整”版本，其中会生成并插入缺少的组件，而版本则依次省略了危害，后果和说明声明。支持有关信号词重要性的先前发现。当单独看到迹象时，没有缺少零件的版本被评为较差的趋势，只有同时看到所有版本时，“完整”版本才被评为更好，这一结果被认为反映了产品的需求特征。方法，结果反对严格遵守要求符号中包含指定成分的公式。数据还支持第三人称效果，表明受访者认为其他人比他们自己更容易受到危害，不太可能遵守标志。讨论了社会因素在标志遵守中具有重要意义的发现，（C） 1998 Elsevier ScienceLtd。保留所有权利。 [参考：35]

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