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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Engineering in Agriculture >Compression characteristics of non-treated and steam-exploded barley, canola, oat, and wheat straw grinds.
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Compression characteristics of non-treated and steam-exploded barley, canola, oat, and wheat straw grinds.

机译：未经处理和蒸汽爆破的大麦，低芥酸菜子，燕麦和麦秸秆的压缩特性。

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摘要

Compaction of low bulk density agricultural biomass is a critical and desirable operation for sustainable and economic availability of feedstock for biofuel industry. A comprehensive study of the compression characteristics (density of pellet and total specific energy required for compression) of ground non-treated and steam-exploded barley, canola, oat, and wheat straw obtained from three hammer mill screen sizes of 6.4, 3.2 and 1.6 mm at 10% moisture content (wb) was conducted. Four preset pressures of 31.6, 63.2, 94.7, and 138.9 MPa were applied using an Instron testing machine to compress samples in a cylindrical die. Ground steam-exploded barley straw at screen sizes of either 3.2 or 1.6 mm produced high density compacts, while ground steam-exploded canola, oat, and wheat straw at screen sizes of 6.4, 3.2 or 1.6 mm produced high density compacts. Steam-exploded barley straw for 3.2 mm at 138.9 MPa produced compacts having 13% higher density and consumed 19% lower total specific energy compared to non-treated straw. Steam-exploded canola straw for 1.6 mm at 138.9 MPa produced compacts having 13% higher density and consumed 22% higher total specific energy compared to non-treated straw. Steam-exploded oat straw for 3.2 mm at 94.7 MPa produced compacts having 19% higher density and consumed 13% higher total specific energy compared to non-treated straw. Steam-exploded wheat straw for 6.4 mm at 138.9 MPa produced compacts having 17% higher density and consumed 17% higher total specific energy compared to non-treated straw. Three compression models, namely: Jones model, Cooper-Eaton model, and Kawakita-Ludde model were considered to determine the pressure-volume and pressure-density relationship of non-treated and steam-exploded straws. Kawakita-Ludde model provided the best fit to the experimental data having R2 values of 0.99 for non-treated straw and 1.00 for steam-exploded biomass samples. The steam-exploded straw had higher porosity than non-treated straw. In addition, the steam-exploded straw was easier to compress since it had lower yield strength or failure stress values compared to non-treated straw.
机译：低堆积密度农业生物质的压实对于生物燃料工业原料的可持续和经济可获得性而言是关键且理想的操作。从6.4、3.2和1.6的三种锤式粉碎机筛网获得的未经处理和蒸汽爆破的大麦，低芥酸菜子，燕麦和麦秸秆的压缩特性（颗粒密度和压缩所需的总比能）的综合研究在10％的水分含量（wb）下进行mm。使用Instron测试机施加4个预设压力31.6、63.2、94.7和138.9 MPa，以在圆柱形模具中压缩样品。筛网尺寸为3.2或1.6毫米的地面蒸汽爆破大麦秸秆产生高密度压粉，筛网大小为6.4、3.2或1.6毫米的地面蒸汽爆破低芥酸菜籽，燕麦和小麦秸秆产生高密度压粉。与未经处理的秸秆相比，在138.9 MPa下经蒸汽爆炸的3.2 mm大麦秸秆产生的压粉具有更高的密度13％，消耗的总比能降低了19％。与未经处理的秸秆相比，在138.9 MPa压力下蒸汽爆破的低芥酸菜籽秸秆1.6毫米，产生的压粉具有更高的密度13％，消耗的总比能高22％。与未处理的秸秆相比，蒸汽炸燕麦秸秆在94.7 MPa下压力为3.2 mm，产生的压块具有更高的密度19％，消耗的总比能高出13％。与未经处理的秸秆相比，蒸汽炸麦秸秆在138.9 MPa下压力为6.4毫米，产生的压粉具有更高的密度17％，消耗的总比能高出17％。考虑了三种压缩模型：Jones模型，Cooper-Eaton模型和Kawakita-Ludde模型，以确定未经处理和蒸汽爆炸的秸秆的压力-体积和压力-密度关系。 Kawakita-Ludde模型最适合实验数据，未经处理的秸秆的R 2 值为0.99，经蒸汽爆炸的生物质样品的R 2 值为1.00。蒸汽爆破的稻草的孔隙率高于未处理的稻草。另外，蒸汽爆破的稻草比未处理的稻草具有更低的屈服强度或破坏应力值，因此更易于压缩。

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