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首页> 外文期刊>Aquatic Biology >Synchronous and vertically undulating swimming behaviour of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua
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Synchronous and vertically undulating swimming behaviour of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

机译：大西洋鳕Gadus morhua的同步和垂直起伏游泳行为

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摘要

Predatory fish often forage in schools, but observations of actual schooling behaviour in deep-water ecosystems are scarce. In a ranching study of wild Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. in a fjord in east Iceland, observations of peculiar synchronous and vertically undulating schooling behaviour of the fish were recorded. These fish had been conditioned to feed at the sound of a low-frequency signal. On 23 April 1996, prior to a feeding session, several of these cod followed the feeding boat which driftedslowly (0.35 m s~(-1)) into the fjord. During a 24 min observational period and 500 m drift of the boat, 8 to 12 cod were monitored with an echo sounder. These fish, approximately 60 cm long, showed a striking behaviour of synchronized swimming along vertically undulating paths. Six successive undulations were observed, each 40 to 60 m long, 10 to 20 m high and lasting for 2 to 3 min. The mean angles during ascent and descent were between 50 and 60°. The vertical distances between the paths of singlefish decreased as the school approached the bottom and increased as it ascended up into the water column. This undulating swimming behaviour may be a foraging strategy meant to sweep part of the water column in search for the depth where prey with a vertically clumped distribution is located. Additionally, synchronized swimming, where visual contact is maintained, may facilitate the detection and capture of pelagic prey.
机译：掠食性鱼类经常在学校觅食，但缺乏对深水生态系统中实际教育行为的观察。在对冰岛东部一个峡湾中的野生大西洋鳕鱼Gadus morhua L.的一次牧场研究中，记录了该鱼异乎寻常的同步和垂直起伏的学习行为。这些鱼已经过调理，可以在低频信号声下觅食。 1996年4月23日，在喂食之前，其中一些鳕鱼跟随喂食船缓慢漂流（0.35 m s〜（-1））进入峡湾。在24分钟的观察期内和500 m的漂移中，用回声测深仪监测了8至12鳕鱼。这些鱼长约60厘米，显示出沿垂直起伏路径同步游泳的惊人行为。观察到六个连续的起伏，每次起伏40至60 m，高10至20 m，持续2至3分钟。上升和下降期间的平均角度在50至60°之间。当学校接近底部时，单鱼路径之间的垂直距离减小，而当其上升到水柱中时，垂直距离增加。这种起伏的游泳行为可能是一种觅食策略，意在扫掠水柱的一部分，以寻找具有垂直成簇分布的猎物所在的深度。此外，保持目光接触的花样游泳可能有助于探测和捕获远洋猎物。

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