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首页> 外文期刊>Aquatic Biology >Vocal behaviour and feeding ecology of killer whales Orcinus orca around Shetland, UK
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Vocal behaviour and feeding ecology of killer whales Orcinus orca around Shetland, UK

机译：英国设得兰群岛附近的虎鲸Orcinus orca的声音行为和摄食生态

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Killer whales Orcinus orca are sighted regularly off Shetland, UK, but little is known about their numbers, diet and population identity. We aimed to relate vocal behaviour to diet of killer whales around Shetland in order to investigate population structure and differences in feeding strategies. Fieldwork was conducted in the summers of 2008 and 2009. We located killer whales through a sightings network and shore-based scans and collected photo-ID data, behavioural information, feeding data and acoustic recordings from a small boat. The majority of encounters (n = 14) were of small groups (1 to 15 individuals) travelling close to shore and feeding on marine mammals. Two encounters were with large groups (20+ individuals) feeding on herring Clupea harengus farther offshore. Seal-hunting groups vocalised rarely, producing pulsed calls, echolocation clicks and whistles almost exclusively when surface-active or milling after a kill. Herring-eating groups were largely silent during one encounter, but very vocal during the other. Analysis of pulsed calls identified 6 stereotyped call types for seal-hunting groups and 7 for herring-eating groups. No call types were shared between both kinds of groups. The vocal behaviour of seal-hunting groups showed striking parallels to that of Pacific marine mammal specialists and presumably evolved to decrease detection by acoustically sensitive prey. One call type produced by Shetland herring-eating killer whales matched a vocalisation that a previous study had described from Iceland and identified as a possible herding call that may function to concentrate herring during feeding. These findings point to behavioural and dietary specialisation among Shetland killer whales, which should be taken into account when making management decisions affecting these animals.
机译：经常在英国设得兰群岛附近看到虎鲸Orcinus orca，但对其数量，饮食和种群身份知之甚少。我们旨在将声音行为与设得兰群岛附近的虎鲸饮食联系起来，以调查种群结构和喂养策略的差异。在2008年和2009年夏天进行了实地调查。我们通过目击网络和岸上扫描对虎鲸进行了定位，并从一条小船上收集了带照片的ID数据，行为信息，进食数据和录音。大部分遇难者（n = 14）是一小群人（1至15个人），他们在岸边旅行并以海洋哺乳动物为食。两次遭遇是大型团体（20多人）以鲱鱼Clupea harengus在更远的海上觅食。猎海豹的人很少发声，几乎在表面活跃或杀死后铣削时仅产生脉冲呼叫，回声定位咔嗒声和哨声​​。吃鲱鱼的团体在一次相遇中基本上保持沉默，而在另一次相遇中则​​非常发声。脉冲呼叫的分析确定了用于海豹猎杀组的6种刻板印象呼叫类型和用于鲱鱼吃食的7种定型呼叫类型。两种组之间没有共享呼叫类型。海豹狩猎队的声音行为与太平洋海洋哺乳动物专家的声音表现出惊人的相似之处，并且可能演变为减少对声音敏感的猎物的探测。设得兰群岛鲱食虎鲸产生的一种叫声类型与之前的一项研究从冰岛描述的发声相匹配，并被确定为可能的成群叫声，可能在喂食期间起到集中鲱鱼的作用。这些发现指出了设得兰虎鲸的行为和饮食专长，在制定影响这些动物的管理决策时应予以考虑。

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