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Heterosis for yield and crossbreeding of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

机译：太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas产量和杂种优势的杂种优势

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Hybrid vigor or heterosis for growth and survival was demonstrated in experimental crosses of inbred Pacific oysters by Hedgecock et al. [Hedgecock, D., McGoldrick, D.J., Bayne, B.L., 1995. Hybrid vigor in Pacific oysters: an experimental approach using crosses among inbred lines. Aquaculture 137, 285-298.]. Substantial evidence for the pervasiveness of heterosis accumulated since then suggests a role for crossbreeding in commercial improvement. Here, we summarize evidence for yield heterosis in juvenile (seed) and adult oysters resulting from four diallel mating experiments. In pair crosses of parental inbred lines, we quantify heterosis by potence, h(p) = Q/L > 1.0, where Q is twice the deviation of a hybrid from the mid-parent value and L is the absolute difference between the mean trait-values of the two parental inbred lines, these contrasts being estimated from ANOVA. For larger incomplete diallel crosses, in which partially inbred parental lines were not reared, we present estimates of Griffing's [Griffing, B., 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9, 463-493.] general and specific combining abilities (GCA, SCA) and, where possible, reciprocal hybrid effects (R). GCA is significant in two of four crosses analyzed, while SCA is significant in all four crosses, particularly at the seed stage, and R is significant in all three crosses, in which reciprocal comparisons were possible. The reciprocal effect is partitioned into maternal (extra-nuclear) and non-maternal (extra-nuclear x nuclear interaction) effects; the latter are significant in 4 of 5 cases, while maternal effects are significant in only 2 of 5 cases. Improvement of commercial oyster seed can be achieved by a combination of selection among inbred lines and crossbreeding of elite inbred lines; pervasive differences between reciprocal hybrids may constrain the direction of interline crosses. Because correlation of seed and adult yield is positive but weak, we propose to retain top inbred parent lines based on seed yield and to re-test the most promising crosses on a much larger production scale. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：Hedgecock等人在自交太平洋牡蛎的实验杂交中证明了杂种的活力或杂种优势，可以生长和存活。 [Hedgecock，D.，McGoldrick，D.J.，Bayne，B.L.，1995。太平洋牡蛎的杂种活力：使用自交系间杂交的实验方法。水产养殖137，285-298。]。自那时以来积累的关于杂种优势普遍性的大量证据表明，杂种育种在商业改良中发挥了作用。在这里，我们总结了由四个Dialell交配实验产生的少年（种子）和成年牡蛎产量杂种优势的证据。在亲本近交系的成对杂交中，我们通过效价来量化杂种优势，h（p）= Q / L> 1.0，其中Q是杂种与中父母亲值的偏差的两倍，L是平均性状之间的绝对差两个亲本近交系的-值，这些对比是根据方差分析估算的。对于较大的不完整的二代杂交，其中不饲养部分近交亲代系，我们提出了格里芬的估计[格里芬，B.，1956年。关于二代杂交系统的一般和特异性结合能力的概念。澳洲J.Biol。科学（《美国联邦法规》第9卷，第463-493页）。在分析的四个杂交中有两个杂交中，GCA显着，而在所有四个杂交中，尤其是在种子期，SCA显着，在三个杂交中，R均显着，因此可以进行相互比较。相互影响分为母体（核外）和非母体（核外x核相互作用）效应。后者在5例中的4例中显着，而产妇效应在5例中的2例中显着。可以通过自交系之间的选择和优良自交系的杂交来组合来实现商品牡蛎种子的改良。相互交配之间普遍存在的差异可能会限制线间杂交的方向。由于种子与成年产量的相关性呈正相关但较弱，因此我们建议保留基于种子产量的近交亲本，并在更大的生产规模上重新测试最有希望的杂交品种。 （c）2007 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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