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On the decline of Pacific salmon and speculative links to salmon farming in British Columbia.

机译：太平洋鲑鱼数量下降以及与不列颠哥伦比亚省鲑鱼养殖的投机联系。

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Pacific salmon abundance along the West Coast of Canada has been in sharp decline since the early 1990s. In this paper, we consider the effects of climate change on the abundance of wild Pacific salmon stocks and potential genetic, ecological and disease concerns. Shifts in climate in 1977 and 1989 resulted in significant changes in production for a number of marine fish species including Pacific salmon. These climate-related changes, combined with local overfishing and the loss of freshwater habitat, have left some salmon stocks at very low levels. Large-scale salmon enhancement projects have resulted in significant ecological and genetic interactions with wild salmon, particularly for coho and chinook stocks. These interactions have tended to reduce genetic diversity and result in the replacement of wild salmon by hatchery fish. Hatcheries also represent a potential source of pathogens although the magnitude of the problem is difficult to quantify because the disease agents of concern are widespread in wild and hatchery Pacific salmon and a number of non-salmonid hosts. The same antibiotics used in salmon farming are also used in salmon enhancement projects, making it difficult to identify the source of some pathogens. Although farmed salmon are a potential source for these disease pathogens, surveys of pathogens in wild and hatchery fish show no patterns that could be attributed to salmon farming. Recent improvements in fish husbandry, including the development and widespread use of vaccines, have reduced the risk of disease transfer from farmed fish to wild or hatchery fish. It is concluded that salmon farming, as currently practiced in British Columbia, poses a low risk to wild salmon stocks particularly when compared with other potentialfactors.
机译：自1990年代初以来，加拿大西海岸的太平洋鲑鱼丰度一直在急剧下降。在本文中，我们考虑了气候变化对太平洋野生鲑鱼种群数量的影响以及潜在的遗传，生态和疾病问题。 1977年和1989年的气候变化导致包括太平洋鲑鱼在内的许多海洋鱼类的生产发生了重大变化。这些与气候有关的变化，加上当地过度捕捞和淡水栖息地的丧失，使一些鲑鱼种群处于非常低的水平。大规模的鲑鱼改良项目已经导致了与野生鲑鱼的重要生态和遗传相互作用，特别是在银耳和奇努克族的种群中。这些相互作用倾向于减少遗传多样性，并导致孵化鱼替代野生鲑鱼。孵化场也代表了潜在的病原体，尽管问题的严重程度难以量化，因为相关的病原体广泛分布在野生和孵化场的太平洋鲑鱼和许多非鲑鱼宿主中。鲑鱼养殖项目中也使用了与鲑鱼养殖中使用的抗生素相同的抗生素，这使得难以确定某些病原体的来源。尽管养殖鲑鱼是这些疾病病原体的潜在来源，但是对野生和孵化鱼中病原体的调查显示，没有任何模式可归因于鲑鱼养殖。鱼类饲养方面的最新进展，包括疫苗的开发和广泛使用，降低了疾病从养殖鱼类向野生或孵化场鱼类转移的风险。结论是，目前在不列颠哥伦比亚省开展的鲑鱼养殖活动对野生鲑鱼种群构成低风险，特别是与其他潜在因素相比。

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