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Mosaic structure of Japanese rice genome composed mainly of two distinct genotypes

机译：日本水稻基因组的镶嵌结构主要由两种不同的基因型组成

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摘要

To learn the genome constitution and the origin of Japanese current rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars, we studied the number of distinct genotypes and the organization of genome segments with these genotypes in these cultivars. We studied the genotype divergence in 25 Japanese elite and local cultivars by analyzing their DNA sequence divergence at 23 loci and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) at 44 loci. These analyses showed that most of the polymorphic loci among the cultivars comprised only two sequence types or alleles, suggesting that their genomes are constituted mostly by a limited number of (possibly as few as two) genotypes. Each of the distinct genome segments appeared to have originated from distinct progenitors of the Japanese current cultivars. The graphical representation of genotypes generated based on the polymorphism data revealed that the genomes of Japanese rice cultivars were mosaics constituted mainly from the two types of progenitor chromosome segments, and that the organization of these genotypes was specific to each cultivar. In contrast to the Japanese cultivars, Chinese and Korean local japonica rice cultivars exhibited greater divergence both in the number of constitutive genotypes and in the pattern of their organization. Our results indicate that Japanese rice cultivars are composed of one subgroup of japonica cultivars that have undergone "population bottlenecks" through the course of their introduction to Japan and during subsequent selection and dissemination.
机译：为了了解日本水稻品种的基因组组成和起源，我们研究了不同基因型的数量以及这些基因型中具有这些基因型的基因组片段的组织。我们通过分析其在23个位点的DNA序列差异和在44个位点的限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP），研究了25个日本优良品种和当地品种的基因型差异。这些分析表明，品种中的大多数多态性基因座仅包含两种序列类型或等位基因，这表明它们的基因组主要由有限数量的（可能少至两个）基因型构成。每个不同的基因组片段似乎都起源于日本当前品种的不同祖先。根据多态性数据生成的基因型的图形表示表明，日本水稻品种的基因组是镶嵌体，主要由两种祖先染色体片段类型构成，并且这些基因型的组织特定于每个品种。与日本品种相反，中国和韩国当地粳稻品种在组成型基因型数量和组织方式上均表现出更大的差异。我们的结果表明，日本水稻品种是由粳稻品种的一个子类组成的，这些品种在引入日本后以及随后的选择和传播过程中都经历了“种群瓶颈”。

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