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Challenges of breeding potato cultivars to grow in various environments and to meet different demands

机译：育种马铃薯品种在各种环境中生长并满足不同需求的挑战

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摘要

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is cultivated all year round in Japan by using four types of cropping: summer and winter croppings, and double cropping in spring and fall. In each cropping season, growth conditions such as temperature, day length, and growing period, differ drastically; thus, different cultivars adapted to each environment are required. Breeding stations are located in both summer cropping areas and double cropping areas, and cultivars suitable for each cropping system are developed. The required cultivars differ according to cropping type and according to use such as table use, food processing, and starch production. The qualities necessary for each purpose differ and are therefore evaluated accordingly. Improvements in pest and disease resistance and in yield abilities are important as common breeding targets for all purposes. To develop potato cultivars that meet different needs, breeders have continued efforts to improve these traits. In this review, we introduce our approaches to developing new potato cultivars. We also discuss problems predicted in the future and introduce our efforts on broadening genetic diversity.
机译：马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）在日本常年种植，使用四种作物：夏季和冬季，春季和秋季双季作物。在每个种植季节，温度，日长和生育期等生长条件都大不相同。因此，需要适应每种环境的不同品种。在夏季作物种植区和双季作物种植区均设有育种站，并开发了适合每种作物系统的栽培品种。所需的栽培品种根据作物类型和用途而不同，例如餐桌使用，食品加工和淀粉生产。每个目的所需的质量各不相同，因此需要相应地评估。作为所有目的的通用育种目标，提高病虫害和疾病抵抗力以及提高产量具有重要意义。为了开发满足不同需求的马铃薯品种，育种者一直在努力改善这些性状。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了开发新马铃薯品种的方法。我们还讨论了未来可能出现的问题，并介绍了我们为扩大遗传多样性所做的努力。

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