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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of Human Genetics >Disentangling pooled triad genotypes for association studies
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Disentangling pooled triad genotypes for association studies

机译:解开合并的三联体基因型进行关联研究

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Association studies that genotype affected offspring and their parents (triads) offer robustness to genetic population structure while enabling assessments of maternal effects, parent-of-origin effects, and gene-by-environment interaction. We propose case-parents designs that use pooled DNA specimens to make economical use of limited available specimens. One can markedly reduce the number of genotyping assays required by randomly partitioning the case-parent triads into pooling sets of h triads each and creating three pools from every pooling set, one pool each for mothers, fathers, and offspring. Maximum-likelihood estimation of relative risk parameters proceeds via log-linear modeling using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The approach can assess offspring and maternal genetic effects and accommodate genotyping errors and missing genotypes. We compare the power of our proposed analysis for testing offspring and maternal genetic effects to that based on a difference approach and that of the gold standard based on individual genotypes, under a range of allele frequencies, missing parent proportions, and genotyping error rates. Power calculations show that the pooling strategies cause only modest reductions in power if genotyping errors are low, while reducing genotyping costs and conserving limited specimens.
机译:协会研究表明,受基因型影响的后代及其父母(三合会)为遗传种群结构提供了鲁棒性,同时能够评估母体效应,起源母体效应以及基因与环境之间的相互作用。我们建议采用合并DNA样本的案例父母设计,以经济地使用有限的可用样本。通过将病例父母三联体随机分成每个h个三联体的集合,并从每个集合中创建三个集合,每个集合用于母亲,父亲和后代,可以显着减少基因分型测定的数量。相对风险参数的最大似然估计是通过使用期望最大化算法的对数线性建模进行的。该方法可以评估后代和母亲的遗传效应,并适应基因分型错误和基因型缺失。我们在一系列等位基因频率,缺失的亲本比例和基因分型错误率的范围内,将我们提出的用于分析后代和母体遗传效应的分析的能力与基于差异方法的分析和基于个体基因型的金标准的能力进行了比较。功效计算表明,如果基因分型误差很低,则合并策略仅会导致适度降低功率,同时降低基因分型成本并保存有限的标本。

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