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首页> 外文期刊>Attention, perception & psychophysics >Threat captures attention, but not automatically: Top-down goals modulate attentional orienting to threat distractors
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Threat captures attention, but not automatically: Top-down goals modulate attentional orienting to threat distractors

机译：威胁会吸引注意力，但不会自动吸引注意力：自上而下的目标会针对威胁分散因素调整注意力定向

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The rapid orienting of attention to potential threats has been proposed to proceed outside of top-down control. However, paradigms that have been used to investigate this have struggled to separate the rapid orienting of attention (i.e. capture) from the later disengagement of focal attention that may be subject to top-down control. Consequently, it remains unclear whether and to what extent orienting to threat is contingent on top-down goals. The current study manipulated the goal-relevance of threat distractors (spiders), whilst a strict top-down attentional set was encouraged by presenting the saliently colored target and the threat distracter simultaneously for a limited time. The goal-relevance of threatening distractors was manipulated by including a spider amongst the possible target stimuli (Experiment 1: spider/cat targets) or excluding it (Experiment 2: bird/fish targets). Orienting and disengagement were disentangled by cueing attention away from or towards the threat prior to its onset. The results indicated that the threatening spider distractors elicited rapid orienting of attention when spiders were potentially goal-relevant (Experiment 1) but did so much less when they were irrelevant to the task goal (Experiment 2). Delayed disengagement from the threat distractors was even more strongly contingent on the task goal and occurred only when a spider was a possible target. These results highlight the role of top-down goals in attentional orienting to and disengagement from threat.
机译：已经提出将注意力迅速转移到潜在威胁上的做法是在自上而下的控制之外进行。但是，用于研究此问题的范例一直难以将注意力的快速定向（即捕获）与以后可能会受到自上而下控制的焦点注意力的脱离分开。因此，目前尚不清楚自上而下的目标是否以及在何种程度上针对威胁。当前的研究操纵了威胁分散因素（蜘蛛）的目标相关性，同时通过在有限的时间内同时呈现显着颜色的目标和威胁分散因素，鼓励了严格的自上而下的注意力集中。通过在可能的目标刺激（实验1：蜘蛛/猫目标）中包括蜘蛛或将其排除（实验2：鸟/鱼目标）来操纵威胁性干扰物的目标相关性。定向和脱离接触是通过在威胁发生之前将注意力转移到威胁上来来解决的。结果表明，当蜘蛛可能与目标相关时（实验1），威胁性蜘蛛分心器会引起注意力的快速定向（实验1），而与任务目标无关时（实验2）的影响则要小得多。与威胁干扰因素的延迟脱离关系在很大程度上取决于任务目标，并且仅在蜘蛛可能成为目标时才会发生。这些结果突显了自上而下的目标在注意力定向和脱离威胁方面的作用。

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