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首页> 外文期刊>Icarus: International Journal of Solar System Studies >A comparison between rubble-pile and monolithic targets in impact simulations: Application to asteroid satellites and family size distributions
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A comparison between rubble-pile and monolithic targets in impact simulations: Application to asteroid satellites and family size distributions

机译：撞击模拟中的碎石堆和整体目标之间的比较：应用于小行星卫星和族群大小分布

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摘要

Collisions are a fundamental process in the creation of asteroid families and in satellite formation. For this reason, understanding the outcome of impacts is fundamental to the accurate modeling of the formation and evolution of such systems. Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics/N-body codes have become the techniques of choice to study large-scale impact outcomes, including both the fragmentation of the parent body and the gravitational interactions between fragments. It is now possible to apply this technique to targets with either monolithic or rubble-pile internal structures. In this paper we apply these numerical techniques to rubble-pile targets, extending previous investigations by Durda et al. (Durda, D.D., Bottke, W.F., Enke, B.L., Merline, W.J., Asphaug, E., Richardson, D.C., Leinhardt, Z.M. [2004]. Icarus 170, 243-257; Durda, D.D., Bottke, W.F., Nesvorny, D., Enke, B.L., Merline, W.J., Asphaug, E., Richardson, D.C. [2007]. Icarus 186, 498-516). The goals are to study asteroid-satellite formation and the morphology of the size-frequency distributions (SFDs) from 175 impact simulations covering a range of collision speeds, impact angles, and impactor sizes. Our results show that low-energy impacts into rubble-pile and monolithic targets produce different features in the resulting SFDs and that these are potentially diagnostic of the initial conditions for the impact and the internal structure of the parent bodies of asteroid families. In contrast, super-catastrophic events (i.e., high-energy impacts with large specific impact energy) result in SFDs that are similar to each other. We also find that rubble-pile targets are less efficient in producing satellites than their monolithic counterparts. However, some features, such as the secondary-to-primary diameter ratio and the relative separation of components in binary systems, are similar for these two different internal structures of parent bodies.
机译：碰撞是创建小行星族和形成卫星的基本过程。因此，了解影响的结果是对此类系统的形成和演化进行准确建模的基础。光滑粒子流体力学/ N体代码已成为研究大规模撞击结果的首选技术，包括母体破碎和碎片之间的重力相互作用。现在可以将此技术应用于具有整体或碎石内部结构的目标。在本文中，我们将这些数值技术应用于碎石堆目标，扩展了Durda等人先前的研究。 （Durda，DD，Bottke，WF，Enke，BL，Merline，WJ，Asphaug，E.，Richardson，DC，Leinhardt，ZM [2004]。伊卡洛斯170、243-257; Durda，DD，Bottke，WF，Nesvorny， D.，Enke，BL，Merline，WJ，Asphaug，E.，Richardson，DC [2007]，Icarus 186，498-516）。目的是通过175个碰撞模拟研究小行星卫星的形成以及尺寸-频率分布（SFD）的形态，这些模拟涵盖了一系列碰撞速度，碰撞角度和撞击器尺寸。我们的结果表明，低能量撞击碎石堆和整体式目标会在最终的SFD中产生不同的特征，并且这些潜在地可以诊断撞击的初始条件以及小行星家族母体的内部结构。相反，超级灾难性事件（即具有较大比冲击能量的高能冲击）导致SFD彼此相似。我们还发现，碎石目标在生产卫星方面效率不及整体目标。但是，对于母体的这两种不同的内部结构，某些特征（例如，次级直径与初级直径之比和组分在二元系统中的相对分离）相似。

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