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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Ambient measurements of biological aerosol particles near Killarney, Ireland: a comparison between real-time fluorescence and microscopy techniques
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Ambient measurements of biological aerosol particles near Killarney, Ireland: a comparison between real-time fluorescence and microscopy techniques

机译：爱尔兰基拉尼附近的生物气溶胶颗粒的环境测量：实时荧光技术与显微镜技术之间的比较

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Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) can contribute significantly to the coarse particle burden in many environments. PBAPs can thus influence climate and precipitation systems as cloud nuclei and can spread disease to humans, animals, and plants. Measurement data and techniques for PBAPs in natural environments at high time- and size resolution are, however, sparse, and so large uncertainties remain in the role that biological particles play in the Earth system. In this study two commercial real-time fluorescence particle sensors and a Sporewatch single-stage particle impactor were operated continuously from 2 August to 2 September 2010 at a rural sampling location in Killarney National Park in southwestern Ireland. A cascade impactor was operated periodically to collect size-resolved particles during exemplary periods. Here we report the first ambient comparison of a waveband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS-4) with a ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) and also compare these real-time fluorescence techniques with results of fluorescence and optical microscopy of impacted samples. Both real-time instruments showed qualitatively similar behavior, with increased fluorescent bioparticle concentrations at night, when relative humidity was highest and temperature was lowest. The fluorescent particle number from the FL3 channel of the WIBS-4 and from the UV-APS were strongly correlated and dominated by a 3 μm mode in the particle size distribution. The WIBS FL2 channel exhibited particle modes at approx. 1 and 3 μm, and each was correlated with the concentration of fungal spores commonly observed in air samples collected at the site (ascospores, basidiospores, Ganoderma spp.). The WIBS FL1 channel exhibited variable multimodal distributions turning into a broad featureless single mode after averaging, and exhibited poor correlation with fungal spore concentrations, which may be due to the detection of bacterial and non-biological fluorescent particles. Cladosporium spp., which are among the most abundant fungal spores in many terrestrial environments, were not correlated with any of the real-time fluorescence channels, suggesting that the real-time fluorescence instruments are relatively insensitive to PBAP classes with dark, highly absorptive cell walls. Fluorescence microscopy images of cascade impactor plates showed large numbers of coarse-mode particles consistent with the morphology and weak fluorescence expected of sea salt. Some of these particles were attached to biological cells, suggesting that a marine source influenced the PBAPs observed at the site and that the ocean may be an important contributor to PBAP loadings in coastal environments.
机译：在许多环境中，主要的生物气溶胶颗粒（PBAP）可以显着增加粗颗粒的负担。 PBAP因此可以影响气候和降水系统（如云核），并且可以将疾病传播给人类，动物和植物。但是，在自然环境中以高时间和大小分辨率获得的PBAP的测量数据和技术很少，因此生物颗粒在地球系统中的作用仍然存在很大的不确定性。在这项研究中，两个商用实时荧光粒子传感器和一个Sporewatch单级粒子撞击器于2010年8月2日至9月2日在爱尔兰西南部基拉尼国家公园的农村采样点连续运行。周期性地操作级联冲击器以在示例性时期内收集尺寸分辨的颗粒。在这里，我们报告了波段集成生物气溶胶传感器（WIBS-4）与紫外空气动力学粒度仪（UV-APS）的首次环境比较，还将这些实时荧光技术与受影响样品的荧光和光学显微镜结果进行了比较。两种实时仪器在质量上都表现出相似的行为，在夜间，相对湿度最高而温度最低时，荧光生物颗粒浓度增加。来自WIBS-4的FL3通道和来自UV-APS的荧光颗粒数量密切相关，并且在粒径分布中以3μm模式占优势。 WIBS FL2通道的粒子模式约为。分别为1和3μm，并且每个都与在现场收集的空气样品（子囊孢子，担子孢子，灵芝属）中常见的真菌孢子浓度相关。 WIBS FL1通道在平均后呈现可变的多峰分布，变成宽阔的无特征单模，并且与真菌孢子浓度的相关性较差，这可能是由于细菌和非生物荧光颗粒的检测所致。 Cladosporium spp。是许多陆地环境中最丰富的真菌孢子之一，与任何实时荧光通道均不相关，这表明实时荧光仪器对具有深色，高吸收性细胞的PBAP类相对不敏感墙壁。级联撞击板的荧光显微镜图像显示出大量的粗模式颗粒，与海盐的形态和预期的弱荧光一致。这些颗粒中的一些附着在生物细胞上，表明海洋资源影响了在现场观察到的PBAP，并且海洋可能是沿海环境中PBAP含量的重要来源。

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