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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Comparison of emissions from on-road sources using a mobile laboratory under various driving and operational sampling modes
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Comparison of emissions from on-road sources using a mobile laboratory under various driving and operational sampling modes

机译：使用移动实验室在各种驾驶和操作采样模式下比较公路上的排放源

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Mobile sources produce a significant fraction of the total anthropogenic emissions burden in large cities and have harmful effects on air quality at multiple spatial scales. Mobile emissions are intrinsically difficult to estimate due to the large number of parameters affecting the emissions variability within and across vehicles types. The MCMA-2003 Campaign in Mexico City has showed the utility of using a mobile laboratory to sample and characterize specific classes of motor vehicles to better quantify their emissions characteristics as a function of their driving cycles. The technique clearly identifies "high emitter" vehicles via individual exhaust plumes, and also provides fleet average emission rates. We have applied this technique to Mexicali during the Border Ozone Reduction and Air Quality Improvement Program (BORAQIP) for the Mexicali-Imperial Valley in 2005. We analyze the variability of measured emission ratios for emitted NO_x, CO, specific VOCs, NH_3, and some primary fine particle components and properties by deploying a mobile laboratory in roadside stationary sampling, chase and fleet average operational sampling modes. The measurements re-flect various driving modes characteristic of the urban fleets. The observed variability for all measured gases and particle emission ratios is greater for the chase and roadside stationary sampling than for fleet average measurements. The fleet average sampling mode captured the effects of traffic conditions on the measured on-road emission ratios, allowing the use of fuel-based emission ratios to assess the validity of traditional "bottom-up" emissions inventories. Using the measured on-road emission ratios, we estimate CO and NO_x mobile emissions of 175±62 and 10.4±1.3 metric tons/day, respectively, for the gasoline vehicle fleet in Mexicali. Comparisons with similar on-road emissions data from Mexico City indicated that fleet average NO emission ratios were around 20% higher in Mexicali than in Mexico City whereas HCHO and NH_3 emission ratios were higher by a factor of 2 in Mexico City than in Mexicali. Acetaldehyde emission ratios did not differ significantly whereas selected aromatics VOCs emissions were similar or smaller in Mexicali. Nitrogen oxides emissions for on-road heavy-duty diesel truck (HDDT) were measured near Austin, Texas, as well as in both Mexican cities, with NO_y emission ratios in Austin < Mexico City < Mexicali.
机译：在大城市中，移动源造成的总人为排放负担很大一部分，并在多个空间尺度上对空气质量产生有害影响。由于大量参数会影响车辆类型之内和之间的排放可变性，因此移动排放本质上难以估算。墨西哥城的MCMA-2003运动已经证明了使用移动实验室对特定类别的汽车进行采样和表征，以根据其行驶周期更好地量化其排放特性的实用性。该技术通过单独的废气流清楚地识别出“高排放”车辆，并且还提供了车队的平均排放率。在2005年墨西卡利-帝国谷的边境减少臭氧和改善空气质量计划（BORAQIP）中，我们已将此技术应用于墨西卡利。我们分析了排放NO_x，CO，特定VOC，NH_3和一些污染物的实测排放比的变异性。通过在路边固定采样，跟踪和车队平均运行采样模式下部署移动实验室，来获得主要的细颗粒成分和性质。测量结果反映了城市车队的各种驾驶模式特征。在大通和路边固定采样中，所观测到的所有测量气体和颗粒物排放比的变异性均大于车队平均测量值。车队平均采样模式捕获了交通状况对测得的道路排放比率的影响，从而允许使用基于燃料的排放比率来评估传统“自下而上”排放清单的有效性。使用测得的道路排放比率，我们估计墨西卡利州的汽油车队的CO和NO_x移动排放量分别为175±62公吨/天和10.4±1.3公吨/天。与来自墨西哥城的类似道路排放数据的比较表明，墨西卡利的车队平均NO排放率比墨西哥城高约20％，而墨西哥城的HCHO和NH_3排放率比墨西卡利高2倍。乙醛的排放比例没有显着差异，而在Mexicali中，选定的芳烃VOC排放相似或较小。在得克萨斯州奥斯汀附近以及墨西哥两个城市中测量了公路重型柴油卡车（HDDT）的一氧化氮排放量，奥斯汀<墨西哥城<墨西卡利州的NO_y排放比。

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