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Oceanic bromoform emissions weighted by their ozone depletion potential

机译：海洋溴甲烷排放量以其臭氧消耗潜能加权

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At present, anthropogenic halogens and oceanic emissions of very short-lived substances (VSLSs) both contribute to the observed stratospheric ozone depletion. Emissions of the long-lived anthropogenic halogens have been reduced and are currently declining, whereas emissions of the biogenic VSLSs are expected to increase in future climate due to anthropogenic activities affecting oceanic production and emissions. Here, we introduce a new approach for assessing the impact of oceanic halocarbons on stratospheric ozone by calculating their ozone depletion potential (ODP)-weighted emissions. Seasonally and spatially dependent, global distributions are derived within a case-study framework for CHBr3 for the period 1999-2006. At present, ODP-weighted emissions of CHBr3 amount up to 50% of ODP-weighted anthropogenic emissions of CFC-11 and to 9% of all long-lived ozone depleting halogens. The ODP-weighted emissions are large where strong oceanic emissions coincide with high-reaching convective activity and show pronounced peaks at the Equator and the coasts with largest contributions from the Maritime Continent and western Pacific Ocean. Variations of tropical convective activity lead to seasonal shifts in the spatial distribution of the trajectory-derived ODP with the updraught mass flux, used as a proxy for trajectory-derived ODP, explaining 71% of the variance of the ODP distribution. Future climate projections based on the RCP 8.5 scenario suggest a 31% increase of the ODP-weighted CHBr3 emissions by 2100 compared to present values. This increase is related to a larger convective updraught mass flux in the upper troposphere and increasing emissions in a future climate. However, at the same time, it is reduced by less effective bromine-related ozone depletion due to declining stratospheric chlorine concentrations. The comparison of the ODP-weighted emissions of short-and long-lived halocarbons provides a new concept for assessing the overall impact of oceanic halocarbon emissions on stratospheric ozone depletion for current conditions and future projections.
机译：目前，人为的卤素和极短寿命物质（VSLSs）的海洋排放都导致了平流层臭氧的消耗。长寿命人为卤素的排放量已经减少，目前正在下降，而由于人类活动影响了海洋生产和排放，生物VSLS的排放预计在未来的气候中会增加。在这里，我们介绍了一种新方法，可以通过计算加权的臭氧消耗潜能（ODP）来评估海洋卤代烃对平流层臭氧的影响。季节性和空间依赖性的全球分布是在1999-2006年期间CHBr3的个案研究框架内得出的。目前，ODR加权的CHBr3排放量高达ODP加权的人为排放的CFC-11排放量的50％，占所有长寿命的消耗臭氧层卤素的9％。 ODP加权排放量很大，强大的海洋排放量与高空对流活动相吻合，在赤道和沿海地区出现明显的高峰，其中海洋大陆和西太平洋的贡献最大。热带对流活动的变化导致轨迹质量消耗臭氧层物质的空间分布随季节变化而上升，而通气量通量增加，被用作轨迹源消耗臭氧层物质的代表，解释了ODP分布变化的71％。基于RCP 8.5情景的未来气候预测表明，到2100年，ODP加权CHBr3排放量将比当前值增加31％。这种增加与对流层高层的对流上风质量通量较大以及未来气候中的排放增加有关。但是，与此同时，由于平流层氯浓度的降低，与溴有关的臭氧消耗较不那么有效，从而减少了臭氧消耗。对ODP加权的短寿命和长寿命卤代烃排放量的比较提供了一个新概念，用于评估海洋卤代烃排放量对平流层臭氧消耗的总体影响，包括当前状况和未来预测。

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