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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Phytopathology >Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in infected plants.
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Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in infected plants.

机译：可诱导的防御相关蛋白在被感染植物中的意义。

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Inducible defense-related proteins have been described in many plant species upon infection with oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, or viruses, or insect attack. Several types of proteins are common and have been classified into 17 families of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). Others have so far been found to occur more specifically in some plant species. Most PRs and related proteins are induced through the action of the signaling compounds salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or ethylene, and possess antimicrobial activities in vitro through hydrolytic activities on cell walls, contact toxicity, and perhaps an involvement in defence signaling. However, when expressed in transgenic plants, they reduce only a limited number of diseases, depending on the nature of the protein, plant species, and pathogen involved. As exemplified by the PR-1 proteins in Arabidopsis and rice, many homologous proteins belonging to the same family are regulated developmentally and may serve different functions in specific organs or tissues. Several defense-related proteins are induced during senescence, wounding or cold stress, and some possess antifreeze activity. Many defense-related proteins are present constitutively in floral tissues and a substantial number of PR-like proteins in pollen, fruits, and vegetables can provoke allergy in humans. The evolutionary conservation of similar defense-related proteins in monocots and dicots, but also their divergent occurrence in other conditions, suggest that these proteins serve essential functions in plant life, whether in defence or not..
机译：在感染了卵菌，真菌，细菌或病毒或昆虫攻击后，已在许多植物物种中描述了可诱导的防御相关蛋白。几种常见的蛋白质类型已被分类为17个与病程相关的蛋白质（PRs）家族。迄今为止，已经发现其他一些更具体地出现在某些植物物种中。大多数PRs和相关蛋白是通过信号化合物水杨酸，茉莉酸或乙烯的作用而诱导的，并通过在细胞壁上的水解活性，接触毒性以及可能参与防御信号转导而具有体外抗菌活性。但是，当在转基因植物中表达时，它们只能减少有限数量的疾病，具体取决于蛋白质的性质，植物种类和所涉及的病原体。如拟南芥和水稻中的PR-1蛋白所举例说明的，属于同一家族的许多同源蛋白在发育上受到调节，并可能在特定器官或组织中发挥不同的功能。在衰老，受伤或冷​​应激过程中会诱导出几种与防御相关的蛋白质，其中一些具有抗冻活性。许多防御相关蛋白组成性地存在于花卉组织中，而花粉，水果和蔬菜中的大量PR样蛋白可引起人类过敏。单子叶植物和双子叶植物中类似的防御相关蛋白在进化上的保守性，以及它们在其他条件下的差异发生，表明这些蛋白在植物生命中起着至关重要的作用，无论是否防御。

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