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首页> 外文期刊>Immunogenetics >Type II NKT cells: a distinct CD1d-restricted immune regulatory NKT cell subset
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Type II NKT cells: a distinct CD1d-restricted immune regulatory NKT cell subset

机译：II型NKT细胞：独特的CD1d限制性免疫调节NKT细胞亚群

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Type II natural killer T cells (NKT) are a subset of the innate-like CD1d-restricted lymphocytes that are reactive to lipid antigens. Unlike the type I NKT cells, which express a semi-invariant TCR, type II NKT cells express a broader TCR repertoire. Additionally, other features, such as their predominance over type I cells in humans versus mice, the nature of their ligands, CD1d/lipid/TCR binding, and modulation of immune responses, distinguish type II NKT cells from type I NKT cells. Interestingly, it is the self-lipid-reactivity of type II NKT cells that has helped define their physiological role in health and in disease. The discovery of sulfatide as one of the major antigens for CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells in mice has been instrumental in the characterization of these cells, including the TCR repertoire, the crystal structure of the CD1d/lipid/TCR complex, and their function. Subsequently, several other glycolipids and phospholipids from both endogenous and microbial sources have been shown to activate type II NKT cells. The activation of a specific subset of type II NKT cells following administration with sulfatide or lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) leads to engagement of a dominant immunoregulatory pathway associated with the inactivation of type I NKT cells, conventional dendritic cells, and inhibition of the proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cells. Thus, type II NKT cells have been shown to be immunosuppressive in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory liver diseases, and in cancer. Knowing their relatively higher prevalence in human than type I NKT cells, understanding their biology is imperative for health and disease.
机译：II型自然杀伤性T细胞（NKT）是与脂质抗原起反应的先天性CD1d限制性淋巴细胞的子集。与表达半恒定TCR的I型NKT细胞不同，II型NKT细胞表达更广泛的TCR组成。此外，其他特征（例如，人类相对于小鼠的I型细胞优势，其配体的性质，CD1d /脂质/ TCR结合以及免疫应答的调节）将II型NKT细胞与I型NKT细胞区分开来。有趣的是，正是II型NKT细胞的自脂反应性帮助确定了它们在健康和疾病中的生理作用。硫化物是小鼠中CD1d限制性II型NKT细胞的主要抗原之一的发现，对这些细胞的表征（包括TCR组成，CD1d /脂质/ TCR复合物的晶体结构及其功能）具有重要作用。 。随后，已显示来自内源和微生物来源的其他几种糖脂和磷脂可激活II型NKT细胞。给予硫化物或溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）后，II型NKT细胞特定亚群的激活导致与I型NKT细胞，常规树突状细胞失活相关的主要免疫调节途径的参与，并抑制促炎性Th1 / Th17细胞。因此，已显示II型NKT细胞在自身免疫疾病，炎性肝病和癌症中具有免疫抑制作用。知道它们在人类中的患病率要高于I型NKT细胞，因此了解它们的生物学对于健康和疾病至关重要。

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