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首页> 外文期刊>Indian Journal of Weed Science >Integrated weed management in conservation agriculture systems
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Integrated weed management in conservation agriculture systems

机译：保护性农业系统中的杂草综合管理

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Conservation agriculture (CA) technologies involve minimum soil disturbance, soil cover through crop residues or other cover crops, and crop rotations. Weeds are a major constraint in adoption of CA-based technologies. Conservation tillage influencesweed infestation, and thus interactions between tillage and weed control practices are commonly observed in crop production. There are reports available that zero tillage increases as well as reduces infestation of certain weed species in different crops. In rainy season when the weed problem is generally more, growing crops with zero tillage requires additional measures for effective weed control, including use of non-selective herbicides like paraquat and glyphosate. Zero-till sowing in standing cropresidues along with application of herbicides in proper combination, sequence or in rotation leads to lower weed population and higher yield than conventional planting. However, changing from tillage-based farming to no-till farming is not easy. No-tillincurs a greater risk of crop failure or lower net returns than conventional agriculture, and this perception has seriously hindered its adoption in countries outside north and south America. Yields of no-till crops may be lower by 5-10% in the initial years, especially on fine-textured and poorly-drained soils. No-till farming demands use of extra N fertilizer and heavy reliance on herbicides. The continued practice of no-till is, therefore, highly dependent on development of new herbicide formulationsand integrated weed management options.
机译：保护性农业（CA）技术涉及的土壤干扰最小，通过农作物残留物或其他农作物覆盖土壤以及轮作。杂草是采用基于CA的技术的主要障碍。保护性耕作会影响杂草的侵染，因此在作物生产中通常会观察到耕作与杂草控制措施之间的相互作用。有报道说零耕种增加了并且减少了不同作物中某些杂草种类的侵扰。在杂草问题普遍较多的雨季中，零耕种的农作物需要采取其他措施来有效控制杂草，包括使用非选择性除草剂，如百草枯和草甘膦。与常规种植相比，在常规作物残茬中进行零耕播种，并以适当的组合，顺序或轮作施用除草剂，可减少杂草种群并提高产量。但是，从以耕作为主的农业转变为免耕农业并不容易。与传统农业相比，无蒂林具有更大的农作物歉收风险或净收益较低，这种认识严重阻碍了其在北美和南美以外的国家的采用。在最初的几年中，免耕作物的单产可能会降低5-10％，特别是在质地细密和排水不良的土壤上。免耕农业要求使用额外的氮肥，并且严重依赖除草剂。因此，免耕的持续实践在很大程度上取决于新除草剂配方的开发和杂草综合治理方案。

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