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首页> 外文期刊>Indian Journal of Weed Science >Little seed canary grass resistance to clodinafop in Punjab:farmers' perspective
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Little seed canary grass resistance to clodinafop in Punjab:farmers' perspective

机译：旁遮普邦农民对氯丁那普对种子金丝雀草的抗药性很小：农民的观点

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Little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) is the dominant grass weed of wheat especially in rice-wheat cropping system in the North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. It developed resistance to isoproturon herbicide in early 1990's. Alternate herbicides, viz. clodinafop, sulfosulfuron and fenoxaprop were recommended for its control and were widely adopted by the fanners. Complaints of poor efficacy of these alternate herbicides started appearing at farmers' field, after decades of their use. Performance of these alternate herbicides was assessed, to study the occurrence of cross resistance in P. minor, through farmers' field survey. The survey was conducted in 2011 at 73 farmers' field in six districts viz. Patiala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Ludhiana, Moga, Jalandhar and Ropar in Punjab. The survey indicated that clodinafop and sulfosulfuron are widely used by the fanners. The fanners used to apply field rates of these herbicides till 2008-09 and were getting effective control of P. minor (>85%).During 2009-10, clodinafop started showing signs of reduced efficacy and >30% farmers used 1.5 times of field dose and control was still poor (<65%); few farmers (<10%) used 2 times the field dose with little success. In 2010-11, the farmers (<50%) used2 times and <30% used 3 times or higher dose of clodinafop alone/tank mix of clodinafop + sulfosulfuron/both herbicides in sequence and control was still poor (0- <60%); re-growth recorded in Patiala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Ludhiana and Moga districts. Sulfosulfuron efficacy also showed declining trend (<60%) during 2010-11. Reduced efficacy of sulfosulfuron was more prevalent in fields having history of continuous use of sulfosulfuron but poor efficacy of clodinafop was even recorded in fields having continuous use of sulfosulfuron. The spray methodology adopted by the farmers was better than they were using in the previous years, hence cannot be related to the reduced herbicide efficacy. The survey results pointed towards the development of cross resistance in P. minor to clodinafop and indicated that sulfosulfuron was likely to meet the same fate in the near future. Proper and regular monitoring of all the existing herbicides is desirable before the situation comes out of control at farmers' field.
机译：很少有种子的金丝雀草（Phalaris minor Retz。）是小麦的主要杂草，特别是在印度西北印度－恒河平原的稻麦种植系统中。在1990年代初期，它对异丙隆除草剂产生了抗药性。替代除草剂，即。推荐使用氯迪那普，磺胺磺隆和非诺沙普作为防治对象，并被粉丝广泛采用。在使用数十年后，这些替代除草剂功效不佳的投诉开始出现在农民的田野中。通过农民田间调查，评估了这些替代除草剂的性能，以研究小P. P.的交叉抗药性的发生。该调查于2011年在六个地区的73个农民田间进行。旁遮普邦的Patiala，Fatehgarh Sahib，Ludhiana，Moga，Jalandhar和Ropar。调查表明，克洛那非和磺胺磺隆被粉丝广泛使用。爱好者一直使用这些除草剂的田间施用率，直到2008-09年，并得到有效的对次要杀虫剂的控制（> 85％）。在2009-10年度，氯丁那普开始显示出药效降低的迹象，> 30％的农民使用了1.5倍的除草剂。野外剂量和对照仍然很差（<65％）;很少有农民（<10％）使用田间剂量的2倍，但收效甚微。在2010-11年度，农民（<50％）单独使用2倍，<30％使用3倍或更高剂量的氯地那非/氯地那非+磺胺磺隆/除草剂的罐混物顺序控制，仍然很差（0- <60％ ）;在Patiala，Fatehgarh Sahib，Ludhiana和Moga地区记录了重新增长。在2010-11年度，磺胺磺隆的疗效也呈下降趋势（<60％）。在具有连续使用磺胺磺隆的历史的领域中，磺胺嘧啶的功效降低更为普遍，但是在连续使用磺胺磺隆的领域中，氯地那非的功效也很差。农民采用的喷雾方法要比前几年更好，因此不能与除草剂功效降低相关。调查结果指出小对虾对克洛那非的交叉耐药性的发展，并表明磺胺磺隆在不久的将来很可能会遇到同样的命运。希望在农民田间情况失控之前，对所有现有的除草剂进行适当的定期监测。

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