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R&D appropriability and planned obsolescence: empirical evidence from wheat breeding in the UK (1960-7995)

机译:研发的合理性和计划的淘汰:英国小麦育种的经验证据(1960-7995)

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摘要

Plant breeders face a unique appropriation problem - plants are reproducible, genetic information is heritable and seeds can be multiplied. The paper uses varietal age as a proxy for durability to examine planned obsolescence strategies in UK wheat breeding. Market-weighted age fell from 13 years (1960s) to 5.5 years (1990s). This fall is on account of increased varietal proliferation and breeding strategies that focus on incremental productivity improvements (i.e. increased efficiency) and narrow and limited disease resistance (i.e. reduced durability).
机译:植物育种者面临一个独特的拨款问题-植物可繁殖,遗传信息可遗传,种子可以繁殖。本文使用品种年龄作为耐久性的代名词,以检验英国小麦育种中计划的淘汰策略。市场加权年龄从13岁(1960年代)降至5.5岁(1990年代)。这种下降是由于品种增生和育种策略的增加,这些策略侧重于生产率的逐步提高(即效率提高)以及狭窄和有限的抗病性(即耐久性降低)。

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