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首页> 外文期刊>Innate immunity >Review: Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving inflammation.
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Review: Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving inflammation.

机译：综述：用于清除垂死细胞和细胞成分的可溶性先天免疫模式识别蛋白：对加剧或解决炎症的影响。

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摘要

Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins (sPRPs) identify non-self or altered-self molecular patterns. Dying cells often display altered-self arrays of molecules on their surfaces. Hence, sPRPs are ideal for recognizing these cells and their components. Dying cell surfaces often contain, or allow the access to different lipids, intracellular glycoproteins and nucleic acids such as DNA at different stages of cell death. These are considered as 'eat me' signals that replace the native 'don't eat me' signals such as CD31, CD47 present on the live cells. A programmed cell death process such as apoptosis also generates cell surface blebs that contain intracellular components. These blebs are easily released for effective clearance or signalling. During late stages of cell death, soluble components are also released that act as 'find me' signal (e.g. LysoPC, nucleotides). The sPRPs such as collectins, ficolins, pentraxins, sCD14, MFG-E8, natural IgM and C1q can effectively identify some of these specific molecular patterns. The biological end-point is different depending on sPRP, tissue, stage of apoptosis and the type of cell death. The sPRPs that reside in the immune-privileged surfaces such as lungs often act as opsonins and enhance a silent clearance of dying cells and cellular material by macrophages and other phagocytic cells. Although the recognition of these materials by complement-activating proteins could amplify the opsonic signal, this pathway may aggravate inflammation. Clear understanding of the involvement of specific sPRPs in cell death and subsequent clearance of dying cell and their components is essential for devising appropriate treatment strategies for diseases involving infection, inflammation and auto-antibody generation.
机译：可溶性先天免疫模式识别蛋白（sPRP）识别非自身或改变自身的分子模式。垂死的细胞通常在其表面上显示分子的自我改变阵列。因此，sPRP是识别这些细胞及其成分的理想选择。垂死的细胞表面通常包含或允许进入不同的脂质，细胞内糖蛋白和核酸（例如DNA）处于不同的细胞死亡阶段。这些被认为是“吞噬我”信号，代替了活细胞上存在的原生“不吃我”信号，例如CD31，CD47。程序性细胞死亡过程（例如凋亡）也会产生包含细胞内成分的细胞表面气泡。这些气泡易于释放，可以有效清除或发出信号。在细胞死亡的后期，也释放出可溶性成分，充当“寻找我”信号（例如，LysoPC，核苷酸）。 sPRP，例如collectin，ficolins，pentraxins，sCD14，MFG-E8，天然IgM和C1q，可以有效地识别其中一些特定的分子模式。生物学终点因sPRP，组织，凋亡阶段和细胞死亡类型而异。驻留在免疫功能弱的表面（如肺）中的sPRP通常充当调理素，并增强巨噬细胞和其他吞噬细胞对垂死细胞和细胞物质的无声清除。尽管补体激活蛋白对这些物质的识别可以放大调理信号，但该途径可能加剧炎症。明确了解特定sPRP参与细胞死亡以及随后清除垂死的细胞及其组成部分对于设计涉及感染，炎症和自身抗体产生的疾病的适当治疗策略至关重要。

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