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首页> 外文期刊>International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter >Effect of Planting Methods and Irrigation on the Productivity of Chickpea Sown After Rice
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Effect of Planting Methods and Irrigation on the Productivity of Chickpea Sown After Rice

机译：种植方式和灌溉方式对水稻后鹰嘴豆播种产量的影响

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In the Punjab state of India, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was sown on about 800,000 ha under rainfed conditions before the Green Revolution in 1965. By 2000,95% area of the state became irrigated and due to the dominant rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system only 8,000 ha area had remained under chickpea. Now again farmers have started to grow chickpea after the harvest of rice as high-yielding and disease resistant varieties such as PBG 1, GPF 2 and PBG 5 are available. Moreover, thesevarieties can be grown under irrigated conditions and show stable yield performance. In rice-chickpea system, the major problem farmers noticed is that the crop was damaged badly when irrigated due to failure of rains during the crop season. Soon after irrigation the crop turns pale yellow and plants start dying thereafter. Farmers' fields are quite large and when irrigation is given more water is absorbed by the soil and water remains stagnated due to poor percolation owing to hard pan formation because of puddling. This causes loss of oxygen in the root zone, possibly due to which plants do not respire well and plant nutrition uptake reduces thereby affecting the crop badly; consequently yields are very low. On heavy soils, excessive moisture under field conditions reduces the growth, nodulation, root growth and yield of chickpea drastically (Patel et al. 1987, Chandrakar et al. 1991). The number of nodules, leghemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity decreased when chickpea plants were flooded in polyethylene bags (Bishnoi and Krishnamoorthy 1991). However, in case chickpea is sown after crops other than rice [eg, maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), cotton (Gossypium sp), etc] where water stagnation is not a problem, no adverse effect of irrigation is observed. Therefore, field experiments on chickpea, sown after rice or maize, were undertaken at different locations with different planting methods and irrigation levels.
机译：在印度旁遮普邦，1965年绿色革命之前，鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum）在雨养条件下播种了约800,000公顷。到2000年，该州95％的土地被灌溉，原因是水稻占主导地位（Oryza sativa）-小麦（Triticum aestivum）系统在鹰嘴豆下仅剩余8,000公顷面积。现在，由于水稻的高产和抗病品种，如PBG 1，GPF 2和PBG 5，农民再次开始种植鹰嘴豆。此外，这些品种可以在灌溉条件下生长，并表现出稳定的产量表现。在稻鹰嘴豆系统中，农民注意到的主要问题是，由于作物季节的降雨不足，灌溉时作物严重受损。灌溉后不久，农作物变成淡黄色，此后植物开始死亡。农民的土地面积很大，灌溉时土壤吸收了更多的水，并且由于水坑形成而形成坚硬的锅盘，导致渗滤不良，使水停滞了。这会导致根部区域缺氧，这可能是由于植物不能很好地呼吸，植物营养摄入减少，从而严重影响了作物。因此产量很低。在重土壤上，田间条件下过多的水分会极大地降低鹰嘴豆的生长，结瘤，根系生长和产量（Patel等，1987; Chandrakar等，1991）。当鹰嘴豆植物淹没在聚乙烯袋中时，结节数，血红蛋白含量和固氮酶活性降低（Bishnoi和Krishnamoorthy 1991）。但是，如果在水不成问题的情况下，将鹰嘴豆种植在水稻以外的其他作物上（例如玉米（Zea mays），高粱（双色高粱），珍珠小米（Pennisetum glaucum），棉花（Gossypium sp）等），没有观察到灌溉的不利影响。因此，在不同地点以不同的种植方式和灌溉水平对鹰嘴豆进行了田间试验，该稻是在水稻或玉米后播种的。

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