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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of biomedical nanoscience and nanotechnology >Nanoparticle toxicity by the gastrointestinal route: evidence and knowledge gaps
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Nanoparticle toxicity by the gastrointestinal route: evidence and knowledge gaps

机译：胃肠道途径的纳米颗粒毒性：证据和知识差距

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摘要

The increasing interest in nanoparticles for advanced technologies, consumer products, and biomedical applications has led to great excitement about potential benefits but also concern over the potential for adverse human health effects. The gastrointestinal tract represents a likely route of entry for many nanomaterials, both directly through intentional ingestion or indirectly via nanoparticle dissolution from food containers or by secondary ingestion of inhaled particles. Additionally, increased utilisation of nanoparticles may lead to increased environmental contamination and unintentional ingestion via water, food animals, or fish. The gastrointestinal tract is a site of complex, symbiotic interactions between host cells and the resident microbiome. Accordingly, evaluation of nanoparticles must take into consideration not only absorption and extraintestinal organ accumulation but also the potential for altered gut microbes and the effects of this perturbation on the host. The existing literature was evaluated for evidence of toxicity based on these considerations. Focus was placed on three categories of nanomaterials: nanometals and metal oxides, carbon-based nanoparticles, and polymer/dendrimers with emphasis on those particles of greatest relevance to gastrointestinal exposures.
机译：人们对用于先进技术，消费产品和生物医学应用的纳米颗粒的兴趣日益增长，这引起了人们对潜在利益的极大兴趣，但同时也引起了对人类健康不利影响的担忧。胃肠道代表了许多纳米材料的可能进入途径，无论是直接通过有意摄入，还是通过从食品容器中溶解纳米颗粒或通过二次摄入吸入颗粒间接地。此外，纳米颗粒利用率的提高可能导致环境污染的增加以及通过水，食用动物或鱼类的无意摄入。胃肠道是宿主细胞与驻留微生物组之间复杂的共生相互作用的场所。因此，对纳米颗粒的评估不仅必须考虑吸收和肠外器官的积累，而且还应考虑改变肠道微生物的可能性以及这种扰动对宿主的影响。基于这些考虑，评估了现有文献的毒性证据。重点放在三类纳米材料上：纳米金属和金属氧化物，碳基纳米颗粒以及聚合物/树枝状聚合物，重点是与胃肠道暴露最相关的那些颗粒。

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