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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Biometeorology: Journal of the International Society of Biometeorology >Climate and the complexity of migratory phenology: sexes, migratory distance, and arrival distributions
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Climate and the complexity of migratory phenology: sexes, migratory distance, and arrival distributions

机译：气候和迁徙物候的复杂性：性别，迁徙距离和到达分布

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摘要

The intra- and inter-season complexity of bird migration has received limited attention in climatic change research. Our phenological analysis of 22 species collected in Chicago, USA, (1979-2002) evaluates the relationship between multi-scalar climate variables and differences (1) in arrival timing between sexes, (2) in arrival distributions among species, and (3) between spring and fall migration. The early migratory period for earliest arriving species (i.e., short-distance migrants) and earliest arriving individuals of a species (i.e., males) most frequently correlate with climate variables. Compared to long-distance migrant species, four times as many short-distance migrants correlate with spring temperature, while 8 of 11 (73%) of long-distance migrant species' arrival is correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While migratory phenology has been correlated with NAO in Europe, we believe that this is the first documentation of a significant association in North America. Geographically proximate conditions apparently influence migratory timing for short-distance migrants while continental-scale climate (e.g., NAO) seemingly influences the phenology of Neotropical migrants. The preponderance of climate correlations is with the early migratory period, not the median of arrival, suggesting that early spring conditions constrain the onset or rate of migration for some species. The seasonal arrival distribution provides considerable information about migratory passage beyond what is apparent from statistical analyses of phenology. A relationship between climate and fall phenology is not detected at this location. Analysis of the within-season complexity of migration, including multiple metrics of arrival, is essential to detect species' responses to changing climate as well as evaluate the underlying biological mechanisms.
机译：鸟类迁徙的季节内和季节间复杂性在气候变化研究中受到的关注有限。我们对从美国芝加哥（1979-2002）采集的22种物种进行物候分析，评估了多尺度气候变量与差异之间的关系：（1）性别之间的到达时间;（2）物种之间的到达分布;以及（3）在春季和秋季之间迁移。最早到达的物种（即短途移徙者）和该物种的最早到达的个体（即雄性）的早期迁徙期最常与气候变量相关。与长距离迁徙物种相比，与春季温度相关的短距离迁徙物种的数量是四倍，而长距离迁徙物种到达的11个中的8个（73％）与北大西洋涛动（NAO）相关。虽然迁徙物候学与欧洲的NAO相关，但我们认为这是北美重要协会的第一份文献。地理上最接近的条件显然会影响短距离移民的迁徙时间，而大陆性气候（例如NAO）似乎会影响新热带移民的物候。气候相关性主要与迁徙早期有关，而不是与到达的中间值有关，这表明早春条件限制了某些物种的迁徙或迁徙速度。季节性到达分布提供了有关迁徙通过的大量信息，而这不是物候统计分析所能看到的。在此位置未检测到气候与秋季物候之间的关系。对季节内迁徙的复杂性（包括多个到达指标）进行分析，对于检测物种对气候变化的反应以及评估潜在的生物学机制至关重要。

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