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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of developmental science >Modeling Psychobiological Development in the Post-Genomic Era
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Modeling Psychobiological Development in the Post-Genomic Era

机译:后基因组时代的心理生物学发展模型

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Psychobiological systems theory is a relational approach to development that challenges the longstanding views that (1) genetic and environmental influences on the phenotype can be meaningfully partitioned and that (2) genes are capable of directly specifying phenotypes. Contemporary developmental psychobiological systems theory (e.g., Ford & Lerner, 1992; Gottlieb, Wahlsten, & Lickliter, 2006; Griffiths & Gray, 1994; Johnston, 2009; Lickliter & Berry, 1990; Moore, 2002; Oyama, 1985; Oyama, Griffiths, & Gray, 2001; Robert, 2004) emphasizes that phenotypic development is always composed of a system of influences, including genes, the cytoplasm of the cell, cell-cell interactions, sensory stimulation, motor activity, social interaction, and so on. Development is thus seen as the result of the rich interplay between an organism and its environment. Because of the reciprocity of influences within and between levels of analysis within the organism-environment system, developmental psychobiological systems theory proposes that attempts to identify developmental outcomes as those attributable to the genes and those that are the result of the environment is simply not possible (Gottlieb, 1998; Johnston & Edwards, 2002; Lickliter, 2009). A particular aim of developmental psychobiological systems theory has been to replace the simplistic metaphor of a "genetic program" with a more accurate account of genetic and non-genetic influences on development.
机译:心理生物学系统理论是一种相关的发展方法,它挑战了以下长期存在的观点:(1)遗传和环境对表型的影响可以进行有意义的划分,(2)基因能够直接确定表型。当代发展的心理生物学系统理论(例如,福特和勒纳,1992年;戈特利布,瓦尔斯滕和利克勒特,2006年;格里菲斯和格雷,1994年;约翰斯顿,2009年;利克勒特和贝里,1990年;摩尔,2002年;奥山,1985年;奥山,格里菲思(&& Gray,2001; Robert,2004)强调,表型发育总是由一系列影响系统组成,包括基因,细胞的细胞质,细胞间的相互作用,感觉刺激,运动活动,社交相互作用等。因此,发展被视为有机体与其环境之间丰富相互作用的结果。由于在有机体-环境系统内的分析水平之内和之间存在影响的对等关系,发展性心理生物学系统理论提出,试图将发展结果识别为基因的结果和环境的结果是根本不可能的( Gottlieb,1998; Johnston&Edwards,2002; Lickliter,2009)。发展性心理生物学系统理论的一个特殊目标是用更准确的遗传和非遗传因素对发展的影响来代替“遗传程序”的简单化隐喻。

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