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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Zoology >What Horses and Humans See: A Comparative Review
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What Horses and Humans See: A Comparative Review

机译：人与马所见：比较评论

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Adaptations of the mammalian eye have tailored each to its own particular ecological niche. On the one hand, it would appear that the horse is best served by a system that can keep "half an eye" on everything, while the human benefits from focussing on more specific aspects of the visual array. By adapting a range of techniques, originally used to assess human visual ability, it has been possible to compare the human visual experience with that of the horse. In general, the results of the majority ofthese comparative studies indicate that the visual capabilities of the horse are broadly inferior to the human equivalents in acuity, accommodation, and colour vision. However, both the horse and human abilities to judge distance and depth perception may be quite comparable while equine vision is certainly superior to that of human's under scotopic conditions. Individual variation in visual ability, which is routinely taken for granted in humans, is also likely to occur in the horse. Such variation would undoubtedly affect equine performance, particularly in terms of expectation of athletic competitive outcomes in modern equitation. In addition to such considerations as conformation and athletic ability, a detailed assessment of the visual ability might contribute to a more accurate prediction of future performance characteristics in the horse. Although further investigation is required in order to appreciate fully both the capabilities and limitations of the equine visual system, the information currently available should now be considered and applied more rigorously both in the design of the equine environment and in the implementation of contemporary equine training methods. This need is the greatest in areas of equestrian sport where the outcomes of either or both equine and human visual judgements can be critical, the cost of failure often high and occasionally results in fatal consequences for both parties of the horse-human dyad.
机译：哺乳动物眼睛的适应已使每种适应其自身特定的生态位。一方面，似乎可以通过对所有事物保持“半视”的系统来最好地为马匹服务，而人类则可以从专注于视觉阵列的更具体方面而受益。通过采用最初用于评估人类视觉能力的一系列技术，可以将人类的视觉体验与马的视觉体验进行比较。通常，大多数这些比较研究的结果表明，马的视力在敏锐度，适应性和色觉方面远不及人类。然而，马和人类判断距离和深度感知的能力可能相当可比，而马视觉在暗视条件下肯定要优于人类。通常在人类中理所当然地认为视觉能力的个体差异也可能发生在马匹中。这样的变化无疑会影响马匹的表现，尤其是在现代马术中对竞技比赛结果的期望方面。除了诸如构象和运动能力之类的考虑之外，对视觉能力的详细评估可能有助于更准确地预测马的未来性能特征。尽管需要进行进一步的研究以充分了解马视觉系统的功能和局限性，但现在应考虑当前可用的信息，并将其更严格地应用于马环境的设计和现代马训练方法的实施中。在马术运动领域中，这种需求是最大的，在马术运动领域中，马匹和人类视觉判断的结果或两者都是至关重要的，失败的代价往往很高，偶尔会给人与马之间的双方带来致命的后果。

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