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首页> 外文期刊>International ophthalmology clinics >Pediatric neurovascular disorders
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Pediatric neurovascular disorders

机译：小儿神经血管疾病

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Both the afferent and efferent visual systems may be affected by vascular disorders arising in the orbital or intracranial compartments. Children may have congenital lesions of the anterior orbit or eyelid that cause ptosis and amblyopia, whereas deeper lesions may become symptomatic only with illness or effort that results in lesion expansion. Typical entities include arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), cavernous angiomas, venous malformations, and lymphangioma. Cerebrovascular abnormalities may affect the visual pathways and indeed may be discovered because of the visual problems they create; as in the orbit, both high-flow (AVM) and no-flow or low-flow (venous malformation) anomalies may be found. Many of these vascular malformations are difficult to treat definitively despite recent advances in both percutaneous intervention and minimally invasive surgical techniques. In contrast, acquired vascular disorders often will have a defined precipitating event that will help the ophthalmologist and other physicians devise a suitable treatment strategy. Radiation therapy for malignancy in particular is associated with aneurysm formation and vasoocclusive disease with spontaneous collateralization (moyamoya disease). This chapter covers both congenital and acquired lesions of the orbital and intracranial circulation and their defining features.
机译：传入和传出的视觉系统都可能受到在眼眶或颅内腔中发生的血管疾病的影响。儿童可能患有前眼眶或眼睑先天性病变，导致上睑下垂和弱视，而较深的病变可能仅在疾病或努力导致病变扩大时才出现症状。典型的实体包括动静脉畸形（AVM），海绵状血管瘤，静脉畸形和淋巴管瘤。脑血管异常可能会影响视觉通路，实际上可能是由于它们引起的视觉问题而发现的;与在轨道上一样，可能会同时发现高流量（AVM）和无流量或低流量（静脉畸形）异常。尽管最近在经皮介入和微创手术技术方面都取得了进展，但许多这些血管畸形仍难以明确治疗。相反，后天性血管疾病通常会发生明确的沉淀事件，这将有助于眼科医生和其他医师设计合适的治疗策略。放射治疗恶性肿瘤尤其与动脉瘤形成和具有自发侧支作用的血管闭塞性疾病（烟雾病）有关。本章涵盖了眼眶和颅内循环的先天性和后天性病变及其定义特征。

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