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Plant-herbivore-hydroperiod interactions: Effects of native mammals on floodplain tree recruitment

机译：植物-草食动物-水周期的相互作用：天然哺乳动物对洪泛区树木募集的影响

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Floodplain plant-herbivore-hydroperiod interactions have received little attention despite their potential as determinants of floodplain structure and functioning. We used five types of exclosures to differentially exclude small-, medium-, and large-sized mammals from accessing Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. wizlizenii (Watson) Eckenwalder) seedlings and saplings growing naturally on four landform types at an alluvial reach on each of two rivers, the Green and Yampa, in Colorado and Utah. The two study reaches differed primarily as a result of flow regulation on the Green River, which began in 1962. Landforms were a rarely hooded portion of the alluvial plain, geomorphically active slow- and fast-water channel margin sites on the Yampa reach, and an aggrading side channel on the Green. Small-mammal live-trapping and observational data indicated that, with minor exceptions, the kinds of mammals rating cottonwood within each reach were identical. We monitored condition and fates of individual cottonwood plants from October 1993 through the 1997 growing season. Differences in survival and growth were noted both within and between reaches, and both due to, and independent of, mammalian herbivory. Comparisons of cottonwood growth and survivorship among exclosures and between exclosures and controls indicated that a small mammal, Microtus montanus, reduced seedling and sapling survivorship at the Green River reach, but to a lesser extent (seedlings) or not at all (saplings) on the Yampa reach. In contrast, reductions in sapling height increment attributable to medium- and large-sized herbivores were detected only at the Yampa site. We suggest that these differences are a result of (1) flow regulation allowing Microtus populations to escape the mortality normally accompanying the large, snowmelt-driven spring flood, as well as regulation promoting a herbaceous understory favorable to voles, and (2) greater browsing pressure from overwintering deer and elk at the Yampa reach, unrelated to flow regulation. Within areas used by foraging beaver, the probability of a sapling being cut by beaver was similar on the two reaches. This study suggests that changes in riparian plant-herbivore relationships due to shifts in river hydrology may be a common and important consequence of river regulation. [References: 62]
机译：洪泛区植物-草食动物-水生周期的相互作用尽管很少有可能成为洪泛区结构和功能的决定因素，但很少受到关注。我们使用了五种类型的排泄物，分别将小型，中型和大型哺乳动物从弗里蒙特的三叶杨（Populus deltoides Marshall subsp。wizlizenii（Watson）Eckenwalder）的幼苗和幼树中以冲积作用自然地生长在四种地貌上科罗拉多河和犹他州的两条河流，分别是格林河和扬帕河。两项研究的主要不同之处在于，1962年开始对绿河进行流量调节。地貌是冲积平原很少带帽的部分，在延帕河段地貌活跃的慢速和快水通道边缘部位，以及在果岭上不断上升的侧通道。小哺乳动物的活体诱捕和观察数据表明，除少数例外，对每个触及范围内的杨木进行评级的哺乳动物种类都是相同的。从1993年10月到1997年的生长季节，我们监测了单棵杨木植物的状况和命运。注意到在触角之内和触角之间，以及由于和不依赖于哺乳动物的食草动物，其生存和生长均存在差异。比较各遮盖物之间以及遮盖物与对照之间的杨木生长和存活率，结果表明，绿河地区的小型哺乳动物山Micro（Microtus montanus）减少了幼苗和幼树的存活，但在较小程度上（幼树）或根本没有（幼树）。延帕到达。相比之下，中型和大型食草动物引起的树苗高度增加的减少仅在延帕地区被发现。我们认为这些差异是由于（1）流量调节使Microtus种群能够逃脱通常伴随着融雪驱动的大型春季洪水而导致的死亡率，以及调节有利于田鼠的草本林下层的原因，以及（2）更大的浏览量的结果Yampa越冬的鹿和麋鹿的压力达到最大，与流量调节无关。在觅食海狸使用的区域内，两个河段被海狸砍伐幼树的可能性相似。这项研究表明，由于河流水文学的变化而引起的河岸植物—草食动物关系的变化可能是河流调节的共同而重要的结果。 [参考：62]

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