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首页> 外文期刊>Issues in comprehensive pediatric nursing. >Socioeconomic predictors of health and development in middle childhood: variations by socioeconomic status measure and race.
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Socioeconomic predictors of health and development in middle childhood: variations by socioeconomic status measure and race.

机译：中期儿童健康与发展的社会经济预测指标：社会经济状况指标和种族的差异。

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BACKGROUND: Socioeconomically disadvantaged children have poorer physical and mental health and lower social and school/academic functioning compared to children with higher socioeconomic status (SES). These associations are not static but may vary by choice of SES indicator and child race/ethnicity. However, little is known about these associations in middle-childhood, a distinct and critical developmental period. We explore these associations in a small exploratory study designed to examine associations between SES and child developmental outcomes in middle childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 60 families with a child between 8-12 years of age from the San Francisco Bay area September 2005-June 2006. The MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess health and adaptive functioning across four developmental domains: physical health, mental health, social functioning, and school/academic functioning. We examined a range of SES measures including continuous and categorical assessments of poverty, income, wealth, maternal and overall family educational attainment, subjective social status, and cumulative social risk. A series of multivariate ordinary least squares regressions was performed on the total sample and within race-specific groups. RESULTS: Although the long-recognized, graded relations among SES and outcomes were present, associations employing categorical representations of SES were far more pervasive; and stronger in magnitude. Wealth and highest degree earned in the family showed the strongest associations across virtually all health/functioning domains. Health and functioning was more strongly associated with educational attainment among Whites and financial resources among Blacks. Among Whites more wealth was associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to confirm the study findings. However, this study raises important questions about the measurement of SES for studying disparities in child health and developmental outcomes. This initial research suggests that improvements in health and functioning in middle childhood may require more significant status transitions; more targeted social interventions to address racial/ethnic disparities in child health and developmental outcomes; and a need to intervene on adversities facing affluent youth, a potentially hidden yet vulnerable group in middle childhood.
机译：背景：与具有较高社会经济地位（SES）的儿童相比，处于社会经济不利地位的儿童的身心健康状况较差，社会和学校/学术功能较低。这些关联不是一成不变的，但可能会因SES指标和儿童种族/民族的选择而异。然而，对这些关联的了解很少，这是在童年中期，这是一个独特而关键的发展时期。我们在一项小型探索性研究中探讨了这些关联，旨在研究SES与中年儿童发育结局之间的关联。材料与方法：我们从2005年9月至2006年6月从旧金山湾地区招募了60个家庭，其中一个孩子的年龄在8-12岁之间。麦克阿瑟健康与行为问卷被用于评估四个发展领域的健康和适应功能：身体健康，心理健康，社会功能以及学校/学术功能。我们研究了一系列SES措施，包括对贫困，收入，财富，孕产妇和整体家庭教育水平，主观社会地位和累积社会风险的连续和分类评估。对总样本和特定种族组进行了一系列多元普通最小二乘回归。结果：尽管存在着SES和结局之间的长期公认的分级关系，但是使用SES的分类表示的协会却普遍存在。而且幅度更大。在家庭中获得的财富和最高学位在几乎所有健康/功能领域都表现出最强的联系。健康和功能与白人之间的受教育程度和黑人之间的财政资源有着更紧密的联系。在白人中，更多的财富与更糟糕的结果相关。结论：需要进一步的研究以确认研究结果。但是，这项研究提出了有关SES的测量的重要问题，以研究儿童健康和发育结果方面的差异。这项初步研究表明，要改善中年儿童的健康和机能，可能需要更重要的状态转变。更有针对性的社会干预措施，以解决儿童健康和发展成果方面的种族/种族差异;以及需要干预富裕的青年所面临的逆境，这些青年是中年儿童中一个潜在的隐藏但脆弱的群体。

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