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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological Applications >Riparian shading and groundwater enhance growth potential for smallmouth bass in Ozark streams
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Riparian shading and groundwater enhance growth potential for smallmouth bass in Ozark streams

机译：河岸阴影和地下水增强了欧扎克溪流小口黑鲈的生长潜力

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Moderation of stream temperatures by riparian shading and groundwater are known to promote growth and survival of salmonid fishes, but effects of riparian shade and groundwater on to be growth of warmwater stream fishes are poorly understood or assumed to be negligible. We used stream temperature models to relate shading from riparian vegetation and groundwater inflow to summer water temperatures in Missouri Ozark streams and evaluated effects of summer water temperatures on smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, growth using-a bioenergetics model. Bioenergetics model simulations revealed that adult smallmouth bass in non-spring-fed streams have lower growth potential during summer than fish in spring-fed streams, are subject to mass loss when stream temperatures exceed 27 degrees C, and will likely exhibit greater interannual variation in growth during summer if all growth-influencing factors, other than temperature, are identical between the two stream types. Temperature models indicated that increased riparian shading will expand the longitudinal extent of thermal habitat capable of supporting adult smallmouth bass growth in spring-fed stream reaches when mean daily air temperatures exceed 27 degrees C. Optimum growth temperature (22 degrees C) will be present only in spring-fed streams under these conditions. Potential for increasing shade through riparian restoration is greatest for streams < 5 m wide and along north-south reaches of larger streams. However, temperature models also indicated that restoring riparian shading to maximum levels throughout a watershed would increase the total stream mileage capable of supporting positive growth of adult smallmouth bass by only 1-6% when air temperatures are at or near average summer maxima; increases in suitable thermal habitat would be greatest in watersheds with higher spring densities. Riparian management for maintenance or restoration of the thermal habitat of adult smallmouth bass during summer should be focused in areas strongly influenced by groundwater. Restoring riparian shading along spring-fed warmwater streams will likely benefit adult smallmouth bass growth. and may ultimately influence population sizes.
机译：已知通过河岸遮荫和地下水控制河温可以促进鲑鱼的生长和存活，但是人们对河岸遮荫和地下水对温水河stream鱼生长的影响知之甚少，或者认为可以忽略不计。我们使用溪流温度模型将河岸植被和地下水入流的阴影与密苏里州奥扎克河溪流中的夏季水温相关联，并使用生物能学模型评估了夏季水温对小口黑鲈，Micropterus dolomieu，生长的影响。生物能学模型模拟表明，非春季饲喂溪流中成年小嘴鲈在夏季的生长潜力低于春季饲喂溪流中的鱼类，当溪流温度超过27摄氏度时会遭受质量损失，并且可能表现出更大的年际变化。如果两种流类型之间除了温度以外的所有影响生长的因素都相同，则表明夏季的生长情况。温度模型表明，河岸阴影的增加将扩大热栖息地的纵向范围，从而能够支持当日平均气温超过27摄氏度时春季进食的成年小嘴鲈鱼的生长。仅存在最佳生长温度（22摄氏度）在这些条件下在春季饲料中。对于宽度小于5 m的溪流以及较大溪流的南北向，通过河岸恢复增加遮荫的潜力最大。然而，温度模型还表明，当气温达到或接近夏季平均最高温度时，将整个流域的河岸阴影恢复到最大水平，将能够支持成年小嘴鲈鱼正增长的总河道里程数仅增加1-6％。在春季密度较高的流域中，合适的热生境的增加最大。在夏季，维护或恢复成年小嘴鲈鱼热栖息地的河岸管理应集中在受地下水强烈影响的地区。沿春季喂养的温水流恢复河岸阴影将可能有益于成年小嘴鲈鱼的生长。并可能最终影响人口规模。

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