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首页> 外文期刊>Earth and Planetary Science Letters: A Letter Journal Devoted to the Development in Time of the Earth and Planetary System >Fluid-driven fractures in uncemented sediments: Underlying particle-level processes
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Fluid-driven fractures in uncemented sediments: Underlying particle-level processes

机译：非胶结沉积物中流体驱动的裂缝：潜在的颗粒级过程

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摘要

Granular materials subjected to fluid flow may experience fracture formation and fluid flow localization. Current explanations for hydraulic fracture in soils fail to satisfy the inherent characteristics of granular materials: effective stress-dependent cohesionless-frictional strength. We apply complementary experimental and numerical techniques to identify the underlying particle-scale mechanisms. First, we show that the miscibility of the invading fluid with the host fluid leads to distinct localization processes that depend on the balance between particle-level skeletal forces (effective stress-dependent), capillary forces (the invasion of the interfacial membrane when immiscible fluids are involved), and seepage drag forces (associated with fluid flow velocity). Then, we identify the positive feedback mechanisms at surface defects and fracture tips that promote fracture initiation and sustain fracture propagation. These include increased porosity at the tip due to strains preferentially normal to the fracture alignment, either eased membrane invasion (immiscible fluids) or higher hydraulic conductivity (miscible fluids), and the emergence of particle-level forces that promote opening-mode particle displacement. This effective stress compatible sequence of events helps identify the parameters that govern fluid-driven fracture formation in uncemented sediments, and explain experimental observations.
机译：经受流体流动的粒状材料可能经历裂缝形成和流体流动局部化。当前对土壤中水力压裂的解释不能满足粒状材料的固有特性：有效的应力依赖性无内聚摩擦强度。我们应用补充性的实验和数值技术来识别潜在的颗粒尺度机制。首先，我们证明了入侵流体与主流体的可混溶性导致了独特的定位过程，该过程取决于颗粒级骨骼力（有效应力相关），毛细作用力（不混溶流体时界面膜的侵入）之间的平衡和渗流阻力（与流体流速相关）。然后，我们确定了在表面缺陷和裂缝尖端的正反馈机制，这些机制促进了裂缝的产生并维持了裂缝的扩展。这些包括由于优先于裂缝排列的应变而引起的尖端孔隙率的增加，膜的侵入（不混溶的流体）或更高的水力传导率（混溶的流体），以及促进开模颗粒位移的颗粒级力的出现。这一有效的应力兼容事件序列有助于确定控制非胶结沉积物中流体驱动的裂缝形成的参数，并解释实验观察结果。

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