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首页> 外文期刊>Earth and Planetary Science Letters: A Letter Journal Devoted to the Development in Time of the Earth and Planetary System >Biotic effects of impacts and volcanism
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Biotic effects of impacts and volcanism

机译：影响和火山的生物效应

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The biotic effects of late Maastrichtian mantle plume volcanism on Ninetyeast Ridge and Deccan volcanism mirror those of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) mass extinction and impact event. Planktonic foraminifera responded to high stress conditions with the same impoverished and small-sized species assemblages dominated by the disaster/opportunists Guembelitria cretacea, which characterize the KT mass extinction worldwide. Similar high stress late Maastrichtian assemblages have recently been documented from Madagascar, Israel and Egypt. Biotic effects of volcanism cannot be differentiated from those of impacted, though every period of intense volcanism is associated with high stress assemblages, this is not the case with every impact. The most catastrophic biotic effects occurred at the KT boundary (65.0 Ma) when intense Deccan volcanism coincided with a major impact and caused the mass extinction of all tropical and subtropical species. The Chicxulub impact, which now appears to have predated the KT boundary by about 300 kyr, coincided with intense Deccan volcanism that resulted in high biotic stress and greenhouse warming, but no major extinctions. The unequivocal connection between intense volcanism and high stress assemblages during the late Maastrichtian to early Danian, and the evidence of multiple impacts, necessitates revision of current impact and mass extinction theories.
机译：马斯特里赫特地幔柱火山晚期火山活动对九十里脊和德干火山活动的生物影响与白垩纪-第三纪（KT）物种灭绝和撞击事件的影响相同。浮游有孔虫对高压力条件作出反应，使相同的贫困和小规模物种组合受灾难/机会主义者白头翁属（Guembelitria cretacea）支配，这是全世界KT大规模灭绝的特征。马达加斯加，以色列和埃及最近也记录了类似的高应力晚期马斯特里赫特式的集合。火山作用的生物效应与受冲击的生物效应是无法区分的，尽管激烈的火山作用的每个时期都与高应力组合有关，但并非每种冲击都如此。当剧烈的德干火山活动同时发生重大影响并导致所有热带和亚热带物种大规模灭绝时，最具灾难性的生物影响发生在KT边界（65.0 Ma）。 Chicxulub的影响现在似乎早于KT边界约300年，与此同时，Deccan强烈的火山活动导致了高生物压力和温室变暖，但没有重大灭绝。在马斯特里赫特晚期至丹尼尔早期，强烈的火山作用与高应力组合之间的明确联系以及多重影响的证据，有必要对当前的影响和灭绝理论进行修订。

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