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Invasive Predator, Bythotrephes, has Varied Effects on Ecosystem Function in Freshwater Lakes

机译：侵略性捕食者比邻菲斯对淡水湖泊的生态系统功能有多种影响

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摘要

Bythotrephes longimanus is an invertebrate predator that has invaded the North American Great Lakes and a number of inland lakes, where it preys on crustacean zooplankton. We examined the effect of Bythotrephes on two measures of ecosystem function during a four-month observational study of freshwater lakes on the boreal shield. Bythotrephes-invaded lakes had significantly lower epilimnetic zooplankton abundance and production compared to reference lakes. On average, Bythotrephes consumed 34% of zooplankton production when it was present in lakes. There was some evidence of changes in the timing of zooplankton production, as well as shifts to cooler, less productive habitats, which may lessen the overall effect of the invader on the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels. We experimentally demonstrated a weak trophic cascade where invader predation reduced zooplankton biomass, and subsequently increased phytoplankton growth. However, the response was small in magnitude and not biologically relevant at the whole lake-scale. The most conspicuous effect of Bythotrephes that we measured was a diversion of energy away from native predators at higher trophic levels.
机译：Bythotrephes longimanus是一种无脊椎动物，已经入侵了北美五大湖和许多内陆湖泊，并以甲壳类浮游动物为食。在为期四个月的北方盾构淡水湖观测研究中，我们研究了拜佛特对生态系统功能的两个度量的影响。与参考湖泊相比，被碧藻入侵的湖泊的表生浮游动物的丰度和产量明显较低。平均而言，在湖泊中存在的浮游生物消耗了浮游动物产量的34％。有证据表明浮游动物生产时间的变化，以及向凉爽，生产力较低的栖息地的转移，这可能会减少入侵者对能量向较高营养水平转移的总体影响。我们通过实验证明了弱营养级联，其中入侵者捕食减少了浮游动物的生物量，并随后增加了浮游植物的生长。但是，响应的幅度很小，在整个湖泊范围内都没有生物学意义。我们测量到的比邻佛陀最显着的效果是，在较高的营养水平下，能量从天然捕食者的能量转移。

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