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首页> 外文期刊>Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists >Silicate Melt Inclusion Evidence for Extreme Pre-eruptive Enrichment and Post-eruptive Depletion of Lithium in Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Western United States: Implications for the Origin of Lithium-Rich Brines
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Silicate Melt Inclusion Evidence for Extreme Pre-eruptive Enrichment and Post-eruptive Depletion of Lithium in Silicic Volcanic Rocks of the Western United States: Implications for the Origin of Lithium-Rich Brines

机译：美国西部硅质火山岩中锂的喷发前富集和喷发后耗竭的硅酸盐熔体包裹体证据：富锂盐卤的成因意义

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To evaluate whether anatectic and/or highly fractionated lithophile element-enriched rhyolite tuffs deposited in arid lacustrine basins lose enough lithium during eruption, lithification, and weathering to generate significant Li brine resources, pre-eruptive melt compositions, preserved in inclusions, and the magnitude of post-eruptive Li depletions, evident in host rhyolites, were documented at six sites in the western United States. Each rhyolite is a member of the bimodal basalt-rhyolite assemblage associated with extensional tectonics that produced the Basin and Range province and Rio Grande rift, an evolving pattern of closed drainage basins, and geothermal energy or mineral resources. Results from the 0.8 Ma Bishop tuff (geothermal) in California, 1.3 to 1.6 Ma Cerro Toledo and Upper Ban-delier tephra (geothermal) and 27.9 Ma Taylor Creek rhyolite (Sn) in New Mexico, 21.7 Ma Spor Mountain tuff (Be, U, F) and 24.6 Ma Pine Grove tuff (Mo) in Utah, and 27.6 Ma Hideaway Park tuff (Mo) in Colorado support the following conclusions. Melt inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from rhyolite tuffs associated with hydrothermal deposits of Sn, Mo, and Be are extremely enriched in Li (1,000s of ppm); those from Spor Mountain have the highest Li abundance yet recorded (max 5,200 ppm, median 3,750 ppm). Forty-five to 98% of the Li present in pre-eruptive magma was lost to the environment from these rhyolite tuffs. The amount of Li lost from the small volumes (1-10 km~3) of Li-enriched rhyolite deposited in closed basins is sufficient to produce world-class Li brine resources. After each eruption, meteoric water leaches Li from tuff, which drains into pla-yas, where it is concentrated by evaporation. The localized occurrence of Li-enriched rhyolites may explain why brines in arid lacustrine basins seldom have economic concentrations of Li. Considering that hydrothermal deposits of Sn, Mo, Be, U, and F may indicate potential for Li brines in nearby basins, we surmise that the worlds largest Li brine resource in the Salar de Uyuni (10 Mt) received Li from nearby rhvolite tuffs in the Bolivian tin belt.
机译：为了评估沉积在干旱湖盆盆地中的富于钙质元素的流滑石和/或高度分馏的富岩溶质凝灰岩在喷发，岩化和风化过程中是否损失了足够的锂，以产生大量的锂卤水资源，喷发前的熔体成分，保留在包裹体中，以及幅度在美国西部的六个地点，记录了在宿主流纹岩中明显的锂爆发后锂耗竭的情况。每个流纹岩都是双峰玄武岩-流纹岩组合的成员，该组合与伸展构造相关，产生了盆地和山脉省和里奥格兰德裂谷，形成了密闭流域盆地，地热能或矿产资源不断演变的格局。结果来自加利福尼亚州的0.8 Ma Bishop凝灰岩（地热），新墨西哥州的1.3-1.6 Ma Cerro Toledo和上班德-特菲拉（地热）和27.9 Ma泰勒河流纹岩（Sn），21.7 Ma Spor高山凝灰岩（Be，U ，F）和犹他州的24.6 Ma Pine Grove凝灰岩（Mo），以及科罗拉多州的27.6 Ma Hideaway Park凝灰岩（Mo）支持以下结论。流纹岩凝灰岩中与Sn，Mo和Be的热液沉积有关的石英隐晶岩中的熔体夹杂物非常富含Li（1,000s ppm）。那些来自Spor Mountain的锂具有最高的Li丰度（最高5,200 ppm，中位数3,750 ppm）。这些流纹岩凝灰岩中，火山喷发前岩浆中存在的锂中有百分之四十五至百分之九十八消失了。密闭盆地中少量的富锂流纹岩（1-10 km〜3）中损失的锂量足以生产世界一流的锂卤水资源。每次喷发之后，陨石水会从凝灰岩中浸出锂，然后将其排入普拉亚岛，并通过蒸发将其浓缩。富含锂的流纹岩的局部发生可以解释为什么干旱湖盆中的盐水很少具有经济的锂浓度。考虑到Sn，Mo，Be，U和F的热液沉积可能表明附近盆地可能有Li卤水，因此我们推测，乌尤尼盐沼（10 Mt）上世界上最大的Li卤水资源来自附近的流纹岩凝灰岩。玻利维亚锡带。

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