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Bootstrap Standard Errors for Maximum Likelihood Ability EstimatesWhen Item Parameters Are Unknown

机译:项目参数未知时用于最大似然能力估计的Bootstrap标准错误

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摘要

When item parameter estimates are used to estimate the ability parameter in item response models, the standard error (SE) of the ability estimate must be corrected to reflect the error carried over from item calibration. For maximum likelihood (ML) ability estimates, a corrected asymptotic SE is available, but it requires a long test and the covariance matrix of item parameter estimates, which may not be available. An alternative SE can be obtained using the bootstrap. The first purpose of this article is to propose a bootstrap procedure for the SE of ML ability estimates when item parameter estimates are used for scoring. The second purpose is to conduct a simulation to compare the performance of the proposed bootstrap SE with the asymptotic SE under different test lengths and different magnitudes of item calibration error. Both SE estimates closely approximated the empirical SE when the test was long (i.e., 40 items) and when the true ability value was close to the mean of the ability distribution. However, neither SE estimate was uniformly superior: the asymptotic SE tended to underpredict the empirical SE, and the bootstrap SE tended to overpredict the empirical SE. The results suggest that the choice of SE depends on the type and purpose of the test. Additional implications of the results are discussed.
机译:当使用项目参数估计值估计项目响应模型中的能力参数时,必须校正能力估计值的标准误差(SE),以反映从项目校准中结转的误差。对于最大似然(ML)能力估计,可以使用校正后的渐近SE,但是它需要较长的检验和项目参数估计的协方差矩阵,而这可能不可用。可以使用引导程序获得备用SE。本文的第一个目的是为使用项参数估计值进行评分时的ML能力估计值SE提出引导程序。第二个目的是进行仿真,以比较在不同的测试长度和项目校准误差的不同幅度下,建议的自举SE与渐近SE的性能。当测试时间较长(即40个项目)且真实能力值接近于能力分布的平均值时,两个SE估计值都近似地近似于经验SE。但是,两个SE估计都没有一个统一的优越性:渐近SE往往会低估经验SE,而自举SE则会高估经验SE。结果表明,SE的选择取决于测试的类型和目的。讨论了结果的其他含义。

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