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首页> 外文期刊>Ecology letters >Tri-trophic interactions affect density dependence of seed fate in a tropical forest palm
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Tri-trophic interactions affect density dependence of seed fate in a tropical forest palm

机译：三营养相互作用影响热带森林棕榈种子命运的密度依赖性

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摘要

Natural enemies, especially host-specific enemies, are hypothesised to facilitate the coexistence of plant species by disproportionately inflicting more damage at increasing host abundance. However, few studies have assessed such Janzen-Connell mechanisms on a scale relevant for coexistence and no study has evaluated potential top-down influences on the specialized pests. We quantified seed predation by specialist invertebrates and generalist vertebrates, as well as larval predation on these invertebrates, for the Neotropical palm Attalea butyracea across ten 4-ha plots spanning 20-fold variation in palm density. As palm density increased, seed attack by bruchid beetles increased, whereas seed predation by rodents held constant. But because rodent predation on bruchid larvae increased disproportionately with increasing palm density, bruchid emergence rates and total seed predation by rodents and bruchids combined were both density-independent. Our results demonstrate that top-down effects can limit the potential of host-specific insects to induce negative-density dependence in plant populations.
机译：假设天敌，尤其是寄主特定的敌人，通过在增加寄主丰度时不成比例地造成更多的损害来促进植物物种的共存。但是，很少有研究以与共存相关的规模评估这种Janzen-Connell机制，也没有研究评估对特殊害虫的自上而下的潜在影响。我们通过十个4公顷土地上新热带棕榈Attalea butyracea的棕榈密度变化20倍，对专业无脊椎动物和普通脊椎动物的种子捕食以及这些无脊椎动物的幼虫捕食进行了量化。随着棕榈密度的增加，布鲁基甲虫对种子的攻击增加，而啮齿动物对种子的捕食则保持不变。但是，由于杜鹃花幼虫上的啮齿动物捕食随着手掌密度的增加不成比例地增加，因此，啮齿动物和杜鹃花结合起来的杜鹃花出苗率和总种子捕食都与密度无关。我们的结果表明，自上而下的作用可以限制宿主特定昆虫在植物种群中诱导负密度依赖性的潜力。

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