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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Tunnel development over a 12 year period in a semi-arid catchment of the loess plateau, china
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Tunnel development over a 12 year period in a semi-arid catchment of the loess plateau, china

机译：中国黄土高原半干旱流域的隧道开发历时12年

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摘要

The tunnel systems in a semi-arid catchment of the Loess Plateau of China were repeatedly surveyed prior to the rainy seasons of 1989, 1999 and 2001. The surveys aimed to: (1) measure tunnel development over the 12 year period 1989-2001; (2) explore how the physiographical conditions affect the spatio-temporal variability of tunnel development; and (3) to identify the geomorphic processes associated with tunnel development. The ultimate goal was to quantify the geomorphic significance of tunnel systems in the catchment. Over the 12 year period, the number of tunnel inlets was more than doubled and most of the newly increased inlets were initiated in the few catastrophic storm events. However, tunnel enlargement can occur in storm or inter-storm periods, mainly through earth falls and slumps in inlets, and water erosion and roof cave-in collapses in tunnel paths. Tunnel development varied with material properties, land uses and topographic conditions. Net tunnel erosion may contribute at least 25-30% of the catchment sediment yield and was mainly produced by the initiation and enlargement of tunnel inlets rather than tunnel paths. To protect the areas against tunnel erosion, terracing of the upper slopes seems to be more effective than planting vegetation on the lower slopes.
机译：在1989年，1999年和2001年的雨季之前，对中国黄土高原半干旱流域的隧道系统进行了多次调查。调查的目的是：（1）测量1989-2001年这12年期间的隧道发展; （2）探讨地貌条件如何影响隧道发展的时空变异性; （3）确定与隧道开发有关的地貌过程。最终目标是量化流域内隧道系统的地貌重要性。在过去的12年中，隧道入口的数量增加了一倍以上，并且大多数新增加的入口都是在少数灾难性风暴事件中启动的。但是，隧道的扩张可能发生在暴风雨或暴风雨期间，主要是通过土方跌落和进水口塌陷，水蚀和隧道塌陷造成的屋顶塌陷。隧道的开发因材料特性，土地用途和地形条件而异。隧道净侵蚀至少可占流域沉积物产量的25％至30％，主要是由隧道入口而不是隧道路径的引发和扩大造成的。为了保护区域免受隧道侵蚀，与在低坡度上种植植被相比，高坡度的坡地似乎更有效。

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