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Study on the effect of the oceanic water layer on strong ground motion simulations

机译：海洋水层对强地面运动模拟影响的研究

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摘要

We studied the effect of the oceanic water layer on strong ground motion simulations. Source faults of subduction zone earthquakes, such as the Nankai-Tonankai earthquake, West Japan, are situated in the offshore area, under a thick water layer. The necessity of including the oceanic water layer in the velocity model for simulations employing the finite difference method is debated by many researchers, and consideration given to the possibility of neglecting by this layer, which would reduce the computation time and stabilize the calculations. Although the oceanic water layer has a low velocity and density, it can affect surface wave generation. In this study, for demonstration purposes, we calculated and compared strong ground motions from three source fault models, placed into the boundary between the crust and subducting plate, where source rupture of the Tonankai earthquake is expected. Simulations were made for two realistic three-dimensional velocity models: without and with the oceanic water layer. The model without the oceanic water layer was constructed simply by subtracting the depth of the oceanic layer from the depth of all velocity interfaces under the ocean. This procedure keeps the thickness of the layers (oceanic sediments, surface low-velocity layer, upper crust, and lower crust) the same as in the model with the oceanic layer and reduces simulation errors. Simulations were made for the set of sites on a line across the subduction zone and directed to the Osaka basin. The results show that the water layer has a strong effect on the fundamental mode of the Rayleigh wave, which can be generated by the shallow (approx. 5 km) source. Considering that all asperities of the expected Nankai-Tonankai earthquake are deep (> 10 km), we conclude that the effect of the water layer can be neglected for ground motions at land sites.
机译：我们研究了海洋水层对强地面运动模拟的影响。俯冲带地震的震源断层，例如日本西部的南海-南海地震，位于离岸地区，位于较厚的水层之下。许多研究人员争论了在采用速度差模型进行模拟的速度模型中包括海洋水层的必要性，并考虑了忽略该层的可能性，这将减少计算时间并稳定计算。尽管海洋水层的速度和密度较低，但会影响表面波的产生。在本研究中，出于演示目的，我们从三个源断层模型（位于地壳与俯冲板之间的边界）中计算并比较了强烈的地震动，预计该地震将导致Tonankai地震的源破裂。针对两个现实的三维速度模型进行了仿真：无水层和有水层。简单地通过从海洋下面所有速度界面的深度中减去海洋层的深度来构建不具有海洋水层的模型。此过程使层（海洋沉积物，地表低速层，上地壳和下地壳）的厚度与具有海洋层的模型中的厚度相同，并减少了模拟误差。对横跨俯冲带的直线上的一组地点进行了模拟，并将其指向大阪盆地。结果表明，水层对瑞利波的基本模式有很强的影响，瑞利波的基本模式可以由浅（约5 km）源产生。考虑到预期的南开-南海地震的所有隆起都较深（> 10 km），我们得出结论，对于陆地运动，水层的影响可以忽略。

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