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Aerodynamic Parameters of a UK City Derived from Morphological Data

机译：根据形态数据得出的英国城市的空气动力学参数

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Detailed three-dimensional building data and a morphometric model are used to estimate the aerodynamic roughness length z(0) and displacement height d over a major UK city (Leeds). Firstly, using an adaptive grid, the city is divided into neighbourhood regions that are each of a relatively consistent geometry throughout. Secondly, for each neighbourhood, a number of geometric parameters are calculated. Finally, these are used as input into a morphometric model that considers the influence of height variability to predict aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height. Predictions are compared with estimations made using standard tables of aerodynamic parameters. The comparison suggests that the accuracy of plan-area-density based tables is likely to be limited, and that height-based tables of aerodynamic parameters may be more accurate for UK cities. The displacement heights in the standard tables are shown to be lower than the current predictions. The importance of geometric details in determining z(0) and d is then explored. Height variability is observed to greatly increase the predicted values. However, building footprint shape only has a significant influence upon the predictions when height variability is not considered. Finally, we develop simple relations to quantify the influence of height variation upon predicted z(0) and d via the standard deviation of building heights. The difference in these predictions compared to the more complex approach highlights the importance of considering the specific shape of the building-height distributions. Collectively, these results suggest that to accurately predict aerodynamic parameters of real urban areas, height variability must be considered in detail, but it may be acceptable to make simple assumptions about building layout and footprint shape.
机译：详细的三维建筑数据和形态计量模型用于估计英国主要城市（利兹）的空气动力学粗糙度长度z（0）和位移高度d。首先，使用自适应网格将城市划分为各个邻域，每个邻域在总体上都是相对一致的几何形状。其次，对于每个邻域，计算许多几何参数。最后，这些被用作形态模型的输入，该模型考虑了高度变化的影响来预测空气动力学粗糙度长度和位移高度。将预测与使用空气动力学参数标准表进行的估算进行比较。比较结果表明，基于规划区域密度的表格的准确性可能会受到限制，而基于空气高度的空气动力学参数表格对于英国城市而言可能更为准确。标准表中的位移高度显示为低于当前的预测值。然后探讨了几何细节在确定z（0）和d方面的重要性。观察到高度变化会大大增加预测值。但是，当不考虑高度变化性时，建筑占地面积形状只会对预测产生重大影响。最后，我们建立简单的关系，以通过建筑物高度的标准偏差来量化高度变化对预测z（0）和d的影响。与更复杂的方法相比，这些预测的差异突出了考虑建筑物高度分布的特定形状的重要性。总的来说，这些结果表明，要准确地预测实际市区的空气动力学参数，必须详细考虑高度可变性，但是对建筑物的布局和占地面积形状进行简单假设可能是可以接受的。

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