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The role of means and goals in technology acceptance

机译:手段和目标在技术接受中的作用

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Most pharmaceuticals are eitherchemically synthesized small mol-ecules or are derived directly fromnatural sources such as plants and humanblood. An increasing number of drugs com-prising recombinant proteins, antibodiesand nucleic acids are also produced inliving organisms that have been geneti-cally engineered for the purpose (Walsh,2006). In parallel to this growing market ofso-called biopharmaceuticals (Lawrence,2007; Ledford, 2006), research has focusedon the development of improved produc-tion platforms, notably genetically modi-fied plants and animals. Recombinantbiopharmaceuticals have, for example, beenexpressed in maize kernels, tobacco leaves,goat's milk and chicken eggs (Giddingset al, 2000; Dove, 2000). The productionof recombinant pharmaceutical proteinsin higher organisms is termed 'pharming',a portmanteau of pharmaceuticals andfarming, which reflects the combination of'red' (biomedical and/or pharmaceutical)and 'green' (agricultural and/or food) bio-technology. The idea behind pharming isthat it will enable the faster, more flexibleand cost-effective production of pharma-ceuticals compared with current syntheticproduction processes.
机译:大多数药物要么是化学合成的小分子,要么直接来自自然来源,例如植物和人血。还产生了越来越多的包含重组蛋白,抗体和核酸的药物,使这些生物得以活体化,这些生物已经为此目的进行了基因工程改造(Walsh,2006)。在这个日益增长的所谓生物制药市场(Lawrence,2007; Ledford,2006)的同时,研究集中在改进生产平台的开发上,特别是经过基因修饰的动植物。例如,重组生物药物已在玉米粒,烟叶,山羊奶和鸡蛋中表达(Giddingset等人,2000; Dove,2000)。在高等生物中重组药物蛋白的生产被称为“制药”和“农业”,这反映了“红色”(生物医学和/或药物)和“绿色”(农业和/或食品)生物技术的结合。制药背后的想法是,与目前的合成生产工艺相比,它将使更快,更灵活和更具成本效益的药品生产成为可能。

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