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首页> 外文期刊>Endocrinology >Functional Characterization of GH-Like Homolog in Amphioxus Reveals an Ancient Origin of GH/GH Receptor System
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Functional Characterization of GH-Like Homolog in Amphioxus Reveals an Ancient Origin of GH/GH Receptor System

机译：两栖动物中类似GH的同源物的功能表征揭示了GH / GH受体系统的古老起源

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摘要

Amphioxus belongs to the subphylum cephalochordata, an extant representative of the most basal chordates. Despite many studies on the endocrine system of amphioxus, no evidence showed the presence of pituitary hormones. In this study, we clearly demonstrated the existence of a functional GH-like hormone in amphioxus, which is able to bind purified GH receptors, stimulate IGF-I expression, promote growth rate of fish, and rescue embryonic defects caused by a shortage of GH. We also showed the presence of a GH/prolactin-like-binding protein containing the entire hormone binding domain of GH/prolactin receptors in amphioxus, which is widely expressed among tissues, and interacts with the GH-like hormone. It is clear from these results that the GH/GH receptor-like system is present in amphioxus and, hence, in all classes of chordates. Notably, the GH-like hormone appears to be the only member of the vertebrate pituitary hormones family in amphioxus, suggesting that the hormone is the ancestral peptide that originated first in the molecular evolution of the pituitary hormones family in chordates. These data collectively suggest that a vertebrate-like neuroendocrine axis setting has already emerged in amphioxus, which lays a foundation for subsequent formation of hypothalamic-pituitary system in vertebrates.
机译：文昌鱼属于头孢亚目，是最基础的脊索动物的现存代表。尽管有许多关于文昌鱼内分泌系统的研究，但没有证据表明垂体激素的存在。在这项研究中，我们清楚地证明了两栖动物中存在一种功能性GH样激素，该激素能够结合纯化的GH受体，刺激IGF-I表达，促进鱼的生长速度并挽救因GH短缺而引起的胚胎缺陷。我们还显示了在双歧杆菌中存在包含GH /催乳激素受体的整个激素结合结构域的GH /催乳激素样结合蛋白，该蛋白在组织中广泛表达，并与GH催乳激素相互作用。从这些结果可以清楚地看出，GH / GH受体样系统存在于两栖动物中，并因此存在于所有种类的脊索动物中。值得注意的是，类GH激素似乎是文昌鱼脊椎动物垂体激素家族的唯一成员，这表明该激素是祖先的肽，最早起源于弦状垂体激素家族的分子进化过程。这些数据共同表明，在双栖动物中已经出现了类似脊椎动物的神经内分泌轴，这为随后在脊椎动物中形成下丘脑-垂体系统奠定了基础。

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