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Three-dimensional analysis of fracture, corrosion and wear surfaces

机译：断裂，腐蚀和磨损表面的三维分析

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摘要

A brief look at the history of fractography has shown a recent trend in the quantification of topographic parameters through the use of three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, which associate SEM stereoscopy and stereophotogrammetry software, allowing the calculation of the elevation measurement at numerous points of the topography due to the parallax that takes place during the tilting of the sample along the microscope eucentric plane. Several investigators have used reconstruction techniques to correlate some fractographic parameters, such as fractal dimension and fractured to projected area ratio, to the mechanical properties of materials, such as fracture toughness and tensile strength. So far, the search for a clear relationship between the fracture topography and mechanical properties has provided ambiguous results. The present work applied a surface metrology software to reconstruct three-dimensionally fracture surfaces (transgranular cleavage, intergranular and dimple fracture), corrosion pits and tribo-surfaces in order to explore the potential of this stereophotogrammetry technique. The existence of a variation in the calculated topographic parameters with the conditions of SEM image acquisition reinforces the importance of both good image acquisition and accurate calibration methods in order to validate this 3D reconstruction technique in metrological terms. Preliminary results did not indicate the existence of a clear relationship between either the true to project area ratio and CVN absorbed energy or the fractal dimension and CVN absorbed energy. It is likely that each fracture mechanism presents a proper relationship between the fractographic parameters and mechanical properties.
机译：简短地回顾了断裂学的历史，发现了通过使用三维重建技术将地形参数量化的最新趋势，该技术将SEM立体镜和立体摄影测量软件结合在一起，可以计算出地形的许多点的高程测量值由于视差是在样品沿着显微镜的中心平面倾斜的过程中发生的。几位研究人员已使用重建技术，将某些分形参数（例如分形维数和断裂与投影面积比）与材料的机械性能（例如断裂韧性和拉伸强度）相关联。到目前为止，寻找断裂形貌与力学性能之间明确关系的研究提供了模棱两可的结果。为了探索这种立体摄影测量技术的潜力，本研究应用了一种表面计量软件来重建三维断裂表面（经晶状分裂，晶间和凹痕断裂），腐蚀坑和摩擦表面。随着SEM图像采集条件的变化，所计算出的地形参数的变化增强了良好图像采集和精确校准方法的重要性，以便从计量学角度验证这种3D重建技术。初步结果并未显示真实面积与投影面积之比与CVN吸收能之间或分形维数与CVN吸收能之间存在明确关系。每种断裂机制都有可能在形貌参数和力学性能之间呈现出适当的关系。

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