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Failures due to ingested bodies in hydraulic turbines

机译：由于水轮机摄入物体而导致的故障

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The ingestion of large bodies in turbines can produce blockage in the runner that generates large, unbalanced forces. Blockage in the distributor can change the amplitude and uniformity of the pressure pulsations. Mechanical damage may also be generated. In all cases, the efficiency of the turbine is reduced and the forces on the runner and the vibration levels in the machine are greatly amplified, which reduces the expected life of bearings and seals and even produces considerable damage. In this paper, we present an overview of the damage caused by the ingestion of external bodies in hydraulic turbines. We describe some examples found during 20 years of monitoring. These types of failure have never been studied (except the typical sand erosion), as the grille of the trash rack should prevent the entrance of large bodies to the turbine. However, the trash rack is often partially broken and bodies may detach from the pipe lining. Some cases of damage due to the ingestion of small bodies and particles are also discussed.
机译：涡轮机中较大物体的摄入会在转轮中产生堵塞，从而产生较大的不平衡力。分配器中的堵塞会改变压力脉动的幅度和均匀性。也可能会产生机械损坏。在所有情况下，涡轮机的效率都会降低，转轮上的力和机器中的振动水平会大大增加，这会缩短轴承和密封件的预期寿命，甚至造成相当大的损害。在本文中，我们概述了水轮机吸入外部物体造成的损坏。我们描述了在20年的监视中发现的一些示例。这些类型的故障从未进行过研究（典型的沙土侵蚀除外），因为垃圾箱的格栅应防止大型物体进入涡轮机。但是，垃圾架经常会部分损坏，并且物体可能会从管道内壁上脱落。还讨论了由于摄入小物体和微粒而造成的一些损坏情况。

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